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Table 2 CAD and CVD risk according to presence or absence of MAFLD or MetS in participants stratified according to with or without type 2 diabetes

From: Impact of metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on cardiovascular risk by the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes and according to sex

Group

Events

Rate*

HR (95% confidence interval)

Model 1

Model 2

CAD/CVD

CAD/CVD

CAD

P-value

CVD

P-value

CAD

P-value

CVD

P-value

Total

 

2252/3128

0.71/0.98

        
 

Neither MAFLD nor MetS

1002/1770

0.42/0.75

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 
 

MAFLD only

578/633

1.27/1.39

1.78 (1.61–1.98)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.32–1.59)

< 0.001

1.47 (1.33–1.63)

 < 0.001

1.40 (1.28–1.54)

< 0.001

 

Mets only

51/121

0.75/1.79

2.23 (1.67–2.97)

< 0.001

1.71 (1.42–2.06)

< 0.001

2.02 (1.51–2.70)

 < 0.001

1.67 (1.38–2.02)

< 0.001

 

Both MAFLD and MetS

621/604

2.10/2.04

2.98 (2.69–3.29)

< 0.001

1.98 (1.80–2.17)

< 0.001

2.33 (2.11–2.58)

 < 0.001

1.89 (1.71–2.08)

< 0.001

Without type 2 diabetes

Total

1540/2581

0.52/0.87

        

Neither MAFLD nor MetS

803/1606

0.35/0.70

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

MAFLD only

386/524

0.94/1.27

1.59 (1.41–1.80)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.31–1.61)

< 0.001

1.32 (1.17–1.50)

 < 0.001

1.41 (1.28–1.57)

< 0.001

MetS only

30/95

0.52/1.64

1.97 (1.36–2.85)

< 0.001

1.69 (1.37–2.09)

< 0.001

1.78 (1.22–2.58)

0.003

1.66 (1.34–2.06)

< 0.001

Both MAFLD and MetS

321/356

1.51/1.68

2.64 (2.32–3.00)

< 0.001

1.80 (1.60–2.02)

< 0.001

2.10 (1.84–2.39)

 < 0.001

1.73 (1.54–1.95)

< 0.001

With type 2 diabetes

Total

712/547

3.54/2.71

        

Neither MAFLD nor MetS

199/164

3.01/2.47

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

1.00 (reference)

 

MAFLD only

192/109

4.52/2.55

1.46 (1.20–1.79)

< 0.001

1.10 (0.86–1.41)

0.430

1.29 (1.06–1.58)

0.013

1.08 (0.84–1.38)

0.547

MetS only

21/26

2.20/2.72

1.28 (0.81–2.04)

0.294

1.23 (0.80–1.90)

0.355

1.34 (0.84–2.13)

0.224

1.24 (0.80–1.92)

0.334

Both MAFLD and MetS

300/248

3.61/2.98

1.38 (1.15–1.66)

< 0.001

1.45 (1.19–1.77)

< 0.001

1.22 (1.02–1.47)

0.034

1.44 (1.18–1.76)

< 0.001

  1. Analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazard model. Values in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05).
  2. Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 plus current smoking, LDL-C and use of statin
  3. CAD: coronary artery disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; MAFLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; MetS: metabolic syndrome; HR: hazard ratio; MAFLD only: MAFLD without MetS; MetS only: MetS without MAFLD. Rate* per 1000 person-years