Characteristics | MAFLD (−), MetS (−) n = 421,922 | MAFLD (+), MetS (−) n = 82,033 | MAFLD (−), MetS (+) n = 12,457 | MAFLD (+), MetS (+) n = 54,014 | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (men) | 217,312 (51.5) | 73,484 (89.6) | 2103 (16.9) | 41,502 (76.8) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 44 (40–51) | 46 (41–52) | 52 (46–59) | 48 (42–55) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 (19.6–23.0) | 25.5 (24.1–27.3) | 24.2 (22.7–25.7) | 28.2 (26.4–30.5) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 77.2 (72.0–82.0) | 88.0 (85.0–93.0) | 85.8 (82.5–90.0) | 95.5 (92.0–100.6) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking | 95,821 (22.7) | 30,973 (37.8) | 1467 (11.8) | 18,514 (34.3) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35 (33–37) | 36 (33–38) | 39 (37–42) | 39 (36–45) | < 0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes | 12,031 (2.9) | 7686 (9.4) | 1825 (14.7) | 15,255 (28.2) | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 114 (105–124) | 124 (116–132) | 132 (122–140) | 132 (123–141) |   0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 70 (64–78) | 79 (72–85) | 81 (73–88) | 84 (77–90) | < 0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 43 (38–50) | 45 (40–51) | 51 (43–59) | 48 (41–56) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 43,123 (10.2) | 20,429 (24.9) | 6039 (48.5) | 29,051 (53.8) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmo/l) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.3 (1.2–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/l) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | 3.3 (2.8–3.9) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | < 0.001 |
Use of statins | 11,068 (2.6) | 5008 (6.1) | 1623 (13.0) | 7003 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
AST (IU/l) | 19 (16–22) | 24 (20–29) | 19 (16–22) | 25 (20–33) | < 0.001 |
ALT (IU/l) | 16 (12–21) | 29 (21–42) | 17 (13–22) | 33 (23–50) | < 0.001 |
γ-GPT (IU/) | 20 (14–30) | 53 (35–86) | 19 (15–26) | 48 (32–77) | < 0.001 |
Fatty liver index* | 8.42 (3.83–17.86) | 52.84 (43.95–65.04) | 23.82 (15.87–30.69) | 72.65 (58.05–85.29) | < 0.001 |
Visceral adiposity index** | 0.72 (0.50–1.06) | 1.61 (1.13–2.37) | 1.28 (0.83–2.04) | 2.22 (1.50–3.25) | < 0.001 |