Table 2 Targets for the control of glycemia

Glycemia

HbA1c

Consistent with current ADA guideline

AHA

[39]

 < 6%

Pregnancy patients without significant hypoglycemia

ADA

[38]

 < 6.5%

Children and adolescents patients with a short duration of DM, lesser degrees of β-cell dysfunction and no evidence of CVD

 < 7%

Nonpregnant patients without significant hypoglycemia

 < 8%

Patients with limited life expectancy or where the harms of treatment are greater than the benefits

 < 7%

Patients with developing microvascular complications

ESC/EASD

[40]

6.0–6.5%

Younger patients with a short duration of DM and no evidence of CVD

 < 8% or ≤ 9%

Elderly patients with longstanding

DM and limited life expectancy, and frailty with multiple comorbidities

 < 7%

Older/frail adults

ESC

[41]

 ≤ 6.5%

In early diagnosis, not frail and without established ASCVD