The current role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus management

Table 3 The clinical cardiovascular events occurrence (%) of SGLT2 inhibitors, results from major randomized controlled trials

Study	Patients	Duration	Drugs	Number	MACE	HHF	CV death	Nonfatal MI	Stroke^a
CREDENCE [70]	Patients with T2DM and albuminuric CKD	2.62 years	Canagliflozin	2202	12.4	4.0	5.0
			Placebo	2199	16.4	6.4	6.4
			P value			< 0.001	0.05
EMPA-REG OUTCOME [69]	T2DM patients	3.1 years	Empagliflozin	4687	10.5	2.7	3.7	4.5	3.2
			Placebo	2333	12.1	4.1	5.9	5.2	2.6
			P value		< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	0.22	0.16
EMPEROR-Reduced [68]	Patients with HF and an EF of 40% or less	16 months	Empagliflozin	1863	19.4	13.2	10.0
			Placebo	1867	24.7	18.3	10.8
			P value		< 0.001
DECLARE–TIMI 58 [13]	T2DM patients and/or atherosclerotic CV disease	4.2 years	Dapagliflozin	8582	8.8	2.5	2.9	4.6^b	2.7
			Placebo	8578	9.4	3.3	2.9	5.1^b	2.7
			P value		0.17
DAPA-HF [79]	Patients with HF and an EF of 40% or less	18.2 months	Dapagliflozin	2373	16.3	9.7	9.6
			Placebo	2371	21.2	13.4	11.5
			P value		< 0.001
DAPA-CKD [122]	Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease	2.4 years	Dapagliflozin	2152	4.6		3.0
			Placebo	2152	6.4		3.7
			P value		0.009
VERTIS CV [11]	T2DM patients with atherosclerotic CV disease	3.5 years	Ertugliflozin	5499	11.9	2.5	6.2	5.6	2.9
			Placebo	2747	11.9	3.6	6.7	5.4	2.8
			P value		< 0.001
CANVAS Program^c [50]	T2DM patients with high CV risk		Canagliflozin	5795	26.9	5.5	11.6	9.7	7.1
			Placebo	4347	31.5	8.7	12.8	11.6	8.4
			P value^d		0.5980	0.2359	0.9387	0.9777	0.4978

MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, HHF hospitalized for heart failure, CV cardiovascular, MI myocardial infarction, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, CKD chronic kidney disease, EF ejection fraction
^aStroke includes ischemic stroke or non-fatal stroke
^bHere only for MI
^cRates of various cardiovascular events were replaced with rates per 1000 persons per year
^dP-value for homogeneity between CANVAS and CANVAS-R

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