Prediabetes and insulin resistance in a population of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction but without diabetes, overweight or hypertension

Son, Tran Kim; Toan, Ngo Hoang; Thang, Nguyen; Le Trong Tuong, Huynh; Tien, Hoang Anh; Thuy, Nguyen Hai; Van Minh, Huynh; Valensi, Paul

doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01509-5

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 6 Comparisons of HFrEF and HFpEF patients by insulin resistance status, i.e., with HOMA ≥ 2.53 or < 2.53

From: Prediabetes and insulin resistance in a population of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction but without diabetes, overweight or hypertension

	HFrEF			HFpEF
	HOMA ≥ 2.53	HOMA < 2.53	p values	HOMA ≥ 2.53	HOMA < 2.53	p values
	(n = 67)	(n = 47)	p values	(n = 38)	(n = 38)
Gender (%)
Male	31 (46.3)	24 (51.1)	0.614	17 (44.7)	23 (60.5)	0.168
Female	36 (53.7)	23 (48.9)	0.614	21 (55.3)	15 (39.5)	0.168
Age (years)	70.3 ± 13.2	70.8 ± 15.1	0.849	71.1 ± 13.7	67.9 ± 17.0	0.367
BMI (kg/m²)	19.8 ± 1.5	19.8 ± 1.1	0.915	19.7 ± 1.6	19.3 ± 1.7	0.294
Waist circumference (cm)	74.7 ± 3.9	73.5 ± 4.5	0.138	75.0 ± 4.5	74.2 ± 4.7	0.441
Systolic BP (mmHg)	116.9 ± 14.4	118.3 ± 17.7	0.661	118.3 ± 13.1	111.8 ± 15.6	0.052
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	71.1 ± 9.2	71.5 ± 11.8	0.817	73.5 ± 9.59	68.3 ± 11.3	0.034
LVEF (%)	29.6 ± 5.9	36.0 ± 3.1	< 0.0001	54.5 ± 3.2	63.3 ± 5.5	< 0.0001
HF ischemic etiology (%)	65 (97.0)	45 (95.7)	0.717	32 (84.2)	34 (89.5)	0.497
NYHA class
II	1 (1.5)	8 (17.0)	< 0.001	3 (7.9)	20 (52.6)	< 0.0001
III	58 (86.6)	39 (83.0)		35 (92.1)	18 (47.4)
IV	8 (11.9)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0
NT-pro-BNP (pg/ml)	15,046 ± 9104	6565 ± 4891	< 0.0001	10,857 ± 4823	4151 ± 2962	< 0.0001
HbA1c (%)	5.68 ± 0.51	5.75 ± 0.49	0.487	5.66 ± 0.56	5.72 ± 0.48	0.588
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.44 ± 1.25	4.44 ± 2.14	0.995	3.80 ± 1.07	3.76 ± 1.20	0.88
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.89 ± 1.33	1.53 ± 1.34	0.163	1.46 ± 0.71	1.19 ± 0.55	0.075
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.78 ± 0.89	2.80 ± 1.25	0.937	2.44 ± 0.77	2.31 ± 0.89	0.518
HDL- cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.01 ± 0.30	1.10 ± 0.32	0.214	0.97 ± 0.29	0.98 ± 0.29	0.937
Glycemic status
NGT, n (%)	7 (10.4)	28 (59.6)	< 0.0001	12 (31.6)	23 (60.5)	0.011
IGT alone, n (%)	49 (73.1)	15 (31.9)		19 (50)	11 (28.9)
IFG alone, n (%)	2 (3.0)	2 (4.3)		0	0
IGT + IFG, n (%)	9 (13.4)	2 (4.3)		7 (18.4)	4 (10.5)
G₀ (mmol/l)	5.56 ± 0.68	5.12 ± 0.81	0.002	5.33 ± 0.78	4.95 ± 0.83	0.039
G₂ (mmol/l)	8.78 ± 0.90	7.47 ± 1.11	< 0.0001	8.30 ± 1.12	7.36 ± 0.97	< 0.0001
I₀/G₀	3.95 [2.80–7.30]	0.92 [0.55–1.25]	< 0.0001	4.03 [3.20–5.05]	0.93 [0.50–1.41]	< 0.0001
I₂/G₂	15.17 [11.60–24.36]	6.30 [2.85–9.80]	< 0.0001	15.95 [10.52–27.41]	6.33 [3.24–8.52]	< 0.0001
QUICKI	0.48 ± 0.05	0.80 ± 0.33	< 0.0001	0.49 ± 0.05	0.80 ± 0.22	< 0.0001
ISIT0	4.09 [2.73–6.80]	21.89 [13.02–38.94]	< 0.0001	5.06 [3.43–7.26]	26.79 [13.63–43.27]	< 0.0001
ISIT120	0.50 [0.30–0.67]	2.06 [0.92–3.53]	< 0.0001	0.57 [2.90–0.81]	1.63 [1.04–3.32]	< 0.0001
FIRI	5.43 [3.26–8.14]	1.02 [0.57–1.71]	< 0.0001	4.39 [3.06–6.47]	0.83 [0.51–1.63]	< 0.0001

BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; FIRI fasting insulin resistance index; G₀ and I₀ plasma glucose and insulin levels measured fasting; G₂ and I₂ plasma glucose and insulin levels measured 2 h after glucose intake; HF heart failure; HFrEF and HFpEF HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction; HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IFG impaired fasting glucose; IGT impaired glucose tolerance; ISIT0 fasting insulin sensitivity index; ISIT120 2 h-insulin sensitivity index; NGT normal glucose tolerance; NT-pro-BNP N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide; NYHA New-York Heart Association; QUICKI quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index

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