Prediabetes and insulin resistance in a population of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction but without diabetes, overweight or hypertension

Son, Tran Kim; Toan, Ngo Hoang; Thang, Nguyen; Le Trong Tuong, Huynh; Tien, Hoang Anh; Thuy, Nguyen Hai; Van Minh, Huynh; Valensi, Paul

doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01509-5

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 5 Comparisons of HFrEF and HFpEF patients by glycemic status, i.e., with either prediabetes or normoglycemia

From: Prediabetes and insulin resistance in a population of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction but without diabetes, overweight or hypertension

	HFrEF			HFpEF
	Prediabetes	NGT	p values	Prediabetes	NGT	p values
	(n = 79)	(n = 35)	p values	(n = 41)	(n = 35)	p values
Gender (%)
Male	37 (46.8)	18 (51.4)	0.651	24 (58.5)	16 (45.7)	0.264
Female	42 (53.2)	17 (48.6)	0.651	17 (41.5)	19 (54.3)	0.264
Age (years)	70.8 ± 13.7	69.9 ± 14.8	0.775	69.8 ± 15.7	69.2 ± 15.3	0.865
Waist circumference (cm)	74.5 ± 3.9	73.7 ± 4.9	0.391	75.2 ± 4.5	73.8 ± 4.6	0.197
BMI (kg/m²)	19.7 ± 1.4	19.9 ± 1.3	0.438	19.4 ± 1.6	19.5 ± 1.6	0.852
Systolic BP (mmHg)	117.7 ± 16.1	117.0 ± 15.4	0.833	114.0 ± 13.0	116.3 ± 16.5	0.503
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	71.2 ± 10.3	71.3 ± 10.4	0.972	70.6 ± 9.1	71.3 ± 12.4	0.762
LVEF (%)	30.9 ± 6.2	35.2 ± 5.6	< 0.0001	57.6 ± 6.1	60.5 ± 6.2	0.044
HF ischemic etiology (%)	76 (96.2)	34 (97.1)	0.801	34 (82.9)	33 (91.4)	0.274
NYHA class
II	2 (2.5)	7 (20.0)	< 0.001	7 (17.1)	16 (45.7)	0.007
III	69 (87.3)	28 (80)		34 (82.9)	19 (54.3)
IV	8 (10.1)	0
NT-pro-BNP (pg/ml)	13,138 ± 9088	7964 ± 6566	0.003	9032 ± 5296	5715 ± 4569	0.005
HbA1c (%)	5.71 ± 0.50	5.72 ± 0.50	0.885	5.64 ± 0.56	5.75 ± 0.46	0.356
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	4.60 ± 1.87	4.08 ± 1.02	0.127	3.55 ± 0.95	4.05 ± 1.27	0.056
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.82 ± 1.47	1.57 ± 0.98	0.358	1.28 ± 0.61	1.39 ± 0.69	0.461
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.86 ± 1.14	2.62 ± 0.80	0.271	2.24 ± 0.73	2.54 ± 0.91	0.120
HDL- cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.05 ± 0.32	1.04 ± 0.33	0.942	0.95 ± 0.30	0.99 ± 0.28	0.518
Glycemic status
NGT, n (%)	0	35 (100%)	< 0.0001	0	35 (100)	< 0.0001
IGT alone, n (%)	64 (81)	0		30 (73.2)	0
IFG alone, n (%)	4 (5.1)	0		0	0
IGT + IFG, n (%)	11 (13.9)	0		11 (26.8)	0
G₀ (mmol/l)	5.57 ± 0.74	4.95 ± 0.64	< 0.0001	5.43 ± 0.83	4.80 ± 0.68	< 0.001
G₂ (mmol/l)	8.84 ± 0.81	6.88 ± 0.62	< 0.0001	8.70 ± 0.72	6.81 ± 0.54	< 0.0001
I₀/G₀	3.15 [1.92–6.16]	1.06 [0.53–2.00]	< 0.0001	2.82 [1.48–4.85]	1.32 [0.57–3.32]	0.066
I₂/G₂	13.56 [10.10–22.06]	7.80 [2.85–12.05]	0.007	11.28 [8.11–26.29]	7.70 [4.10–12.46]	0.021
QUICKI	0.53 ± 0.16	0.79 ± 0.36	< 0.0001	0.56 ± 0.14	0.74 ± 0.27	< 0.0001
ISIT0	4.89 [2.94–10.13]	21.38 [10.65–40.21]	< 0.0001	7.42 [3.65–14.89]	19.25 [6.05–43.27]	0.001
ISIT120	0.56 [0.33–0.76]	2.23 [0.81–4.28]	< 0.0001	0.66 [0.30–1.05]	1.55 [0.90–3.39]	< 0.0001
FIRI	4.54 [2.19–7.56]	1.04 [0.55–2.09]	< 0.0001	2.99 [1.51–6.09]	1.15 [0.51–3.68]	0.001

BMI body mass index; BP blood pressure; FIRI fasting insulin resistance index; G₀ and I₀ plasma glucose and insulin levels measured fasting; G₂ and I₂ plasma glucose and insulin levels measured 2 h after glucose intake; HF heart failure; HFrEF and HFpEF HF with reduced and preserved ejection fraction; HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IFG impaired fasting glucose; IGT impaired glucose tolerance; ISIT0 fasting insulin sensitivity index; ISIT120 2 h-insulin sensitivity index; NGT normal glucose tolerance; NT-pro-BNP N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide; NYHA New-York Heart Association; QUICKI quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index

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