| HF patients |  |  |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total HF | HFrEF | HFpEF | p* | Controls | p** | |
(n = 190) | (n = 114) | (n = 76) | (n = 95) | |||
Gender (%) | ||||||
 Male | 95 (50) | 55 (48.2) | 40 (52.6) | 0.813 | 46 (48.4) | 0.802 |
 Female | 95 (50) | 59 (51.8) | 36 (47.4) | 49 (51.6) | ||
Age (years) | 70.1 ± 14.5 | 70.5 ± 14.0 | 69.5 ± 15.4 | 0.162 | 66.7 ± 14.7 | 0.064 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.7 ± 1.5 | 19.8 ± 1.4 | 19.5 ± 1.6 | 0.202 | 19.9 ± 2.0 | 0.091 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 74.4 ± 4.3 | 74.2 ± 4.2 | 74.6 ± 4.6 | 0.411 | 74.6 ± 4.3 | 0.743 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 116.5 ± 15.4 | 117.5 ± 15.8 | 115.0 ± 14.7 | 0.233 | 114.3 ± 12.0 | 0.223 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.1 ± 10.4 | 71.3 ± 10.3 | 70.9 ± 10.7 | 0.646 | 71.7 ± 9.4 | 0.646 |
LVEF (%) | 42.9 ± 14.4 | 32.2 ± 5.8 | 58.9 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 |  |  |
HF ischemic etiology (%) | 176 (92.6) | 110 (96.5%) | 66 (86.8%) | 0.013 | Â | Â |
NYHA class | ||||||
 II | 32 (16.8) | 9 (7.9) | 23 (30.3) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 III | 150 (78.9) | 97 (85.1) | 53 (69.7) |  |  | |
 IV | 8 (4.2) | 8 (7.0) | 0 (0) |  |  | |
NT-pro-BNP (pg/ml) | 9931 ± 7747 | 11,550 ± 8702 | 7504 ± 5215 | < 0.0001 |  |  |
HbA1c (%) | 5.70 ± 0.50 | 5.71 ± 0.50 | 5.70 ± 0.51 | 0.81 |  |  |
HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
G0 (mmol/l) | 5.28 ± 0.79 | 5.37 ± 0.76 | 5.13 ± 0.82 | < 0.0001 | 4.81 ± 0.81 | < 0.0001 |
G2 (mmol/l) | 8.07 ± 1.18 | 7.83 ± 1.14 | 6.93 ± 0.93 | < 0.0001 | 7.13 ± 1.73 | < 0.0001 |
I0 (µU/ml) | 12.1 [5.3–23.7] | 12.6 [5.5–26.4] | 11.1 [4.5–21.7] | 0.675 | 8.2 [5.1–13.0] | 0.003 |
I2 (µU/ml) | 90.3 [47.6–136.6] | 95.0 [45.3–141.2] | 73.6 [48.0–127.0] | 0.054 | 50.0 [24.0–96.0] | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.17 ± 1.50 | 4.44 ± 1.66 | 3.77 ± 1.13 | 0.03 |  |  |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.57 ± 1.13 | 1.74 ± 1.33 | 1.32 ± 0.64 | 0.13 |  |  |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.62 ± 0.98 | 2.78 ± 1.04 | 2.38 ± 0.82 | 0.05 |  |  |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.01 ± 0.30 | 1.04 ± 0.31 | 0.97 ± 0.28 | 0.113 |  |  |
Glycemic status (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
IFG alone | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.1) | 0 | 0.032 | 6 (6.3) | < 0.0001 |
IGT alone | 94 (49.5) | 64 (56.1) | 30 (39.5) | Â | 15 (15.8) | Â |
IGT + IFG | 22 (11.6) | 11 (9.6) | 11 (14.5) |  | 2 (2.1) |  |
NGT | 70 (36.8) | 35 (30.7) | 35 (46.1) | Â | 72 (75.8) | Â |
Medications (%) | ||||||
 ACEIs/ARBs | 88 (46.3) | 70 (61.4) | 18 (23.7) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 Aldosterone antagonists | 61 (32.1) | 61 (53.5) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 Beta-blockers | 120 (63.2) | 91 (79.8) | 29 (38.2) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 Diuretics | 52 (27.4) | 46 (40.4) | 6 (7.9) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 Ivabradine | 40 (21.1) | 36 (31.6) | 4 (5.3) | < 0.0001 |  |  |
 Digoxin | 13 (6.8) | 13 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |  |  |
 Antiplatelets | 176 (92.6) | 110 (96.5) | 66 (86.8) | 0.014 |  |  |
 Statin | 159 (83.7) | 98 (86.0) | 61 (80.3) | 0.310 |  |  |
 Nitrate | 31 (16.3) | 19 (16.7) | 12 (15.8) | 0.950 |  |  |