Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the cohort classified by status for HFrH and all-cause death during follow-up
Baseline characteristics | All (n = 1349) | Event: HFrH | Event: All-cause death | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 1140) | Yes (n = 209) | P-value | No (n = 902) | Yes (n = 447) | P-value | ||
Sex (female) | 569/1349 (42.2%) | 480/1140 (42.1%) | 89/209 (42.6%) | 0.94 | 414/902 (45.9%) | 155/447 (34.7%) | < 0.0001 |
Age (y) | 64.3 ± 10.7 | 63.2 ± 10.5 | 70.3 ± 9.4 | < 0.0001 | 61.5 ± 10.4 | 70 ± 8.8 | < 0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 86.4 ± 18.5 | 87.2 ± 18.5 | 81.9 ± 17.8 | < 0.0001 | 87.2 ± 18.5 | 84.8 ± 18.5 | 0.025 |
BMI (kg/m.2) | 31.4 ± 6.3 | 31.6 ± 6.3 | 30.4 ± 6.1 | 0.012 | 31.7 ± 6.3 | 30.8 ± 6.2 | 0.012 |
Diabetes duration (y) | 12 [6; 20] | 11 [5; 19] | 18 [12; 27] | < 0.0001 | 11 [5; 17] | 16 [10; 25] | < 0.0001 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 0.61 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 7.9 ± 1.5 | 0.15 |
Smoker | 0.0090 | 0.37 | |||||
Never | 689/1331 (51.8%) | 584/1125 (51.9%) | 105/206 (51.0%) | 471/890 (52.9%) | 218/441 (49.4%) | ||
Former | 493/1331 (37.0%) | 404/1125 (35.9%) | 89/206 (43.2%) | 318/890 (35.7%) | 175/441 (39.7%) | ||
Active | 149/1331 (11.2%) | 137/1125 (12.2%) | 12/206 (5.8%) | 101/890 (11.3%) | 48/441 (10.9%) | ||
Heart rate (bpm) | 70.9 ± 13.6 | 70.9 ± 13.5 | 71.0 ± 14.0 | 0.90 | 70.5 ± 13.1 | 71.6 ± 14.4 | 0.19 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132 ± 17.4 | 131.4 ± 16.8 | 135.1 ± 19.8 | 0.013 | 130.1 ± 16.5 | 135.7 ± 18.5 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.5 ± 11.1 | 72.7 ± 10.9 | 71.0 ± 12.2 | 0.059 | 72.6 ± 11 | 72.2 ± 11.4 | 0.47 |
Albuminuria stage | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
Normal to mildly increased | 547/1204 (45.4%) | 482/1010 (47.7%) | 65/194 (33.5%) | 423/797 (53.1%) | 124/407 (30.5%) | ||
Moderately increased | 428/1204 (35.5%) | 361/1010 (35.7%) | 67/194 (34.5%) | 273/797 (34.3%) | 155/407 (38.1%) | ||
Severely increased | 229/1204 (19.0%) | 167/1010 (16.5%) | 62/194 (32.0%) | 101/797 (12.7%) | 128/407 (31.4%) | ||
uACR (mg/mmol) | 3 [1; 10] | 2 [1; 9] | 7 [2; 31] | < 0.0001 | 2 [1; 7] | 7 [2; 30] | < 0.0001 |
eGFR (CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m.2) | 76.7 ± 21.0 | 78.7 ± 20.5 | 66.1 ± 20.4 | < 0.0001 | 80.8 ± 19.7 | 68.5 ± 21.1 | < 0.0001 |
Coronary artery disease | 364/1349 (27.0%) | 259/1140 (22.7%) | 105/209 (50.2%) | < 0.0001 | 187/902 (20.7%) | 177/447 (39.6%) | < 0.0001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 172/1349 (12.8%) | 135/1140 (11.8%) | 37/209 (17.7%) | 0.024 | 88/902 (9.8%) | 84/447 (18.8%) | < 0.0001 |
Carotid revascularisation | 30/1349 (2.2%) | 22/1140 (1.9%) | 8/209 (3.8%) | 0.12 | 16/902 (1.8%) | 14/447 (3.1%) | 0.12 |
Lower limb artery disease | 112/1349 (8.3%) | 76/1140 (6.7%) | 36/209 (17.2%) | < 0.0001 | 44/902 (4.9%) | 68/447 (15.2%) | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.78 ± 1.14 | 4.78 ± 1.15 | 4.75 ± 1.11 | 0.70 | 4.75 ± 1.09 | 4.83 ± 1.24 | 0.23 |
LDL-c (mmol /L) | 2.73 ± 0.95 | 2.75 ± 0.96 | 2.65 ± 0.88 | 0.14 | 2.72 ± 0.93 | 2.77 ± 0.99 | 0.39 |
HDL-c (mmol /L) | 1.21 ± 0.41 | 1.20 ± 0.40 | 1.26 ± 0.46 | 0.065 | 1.21 ± 0.39 | 1.20 ± 0.46 | 0.68 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.89 ± 1.43 | 1.88 ± 1.44 | 1.91 ± 1.37 | 0.81 | 1.85 ± 1.22 | 1.96 ± 1.77 | 0.28 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 102 [47; 261] | 82 [41; 202] | 339 [161; 828] | < 0.0001 | 70 [36; 165] | 234 [97; 578] | < 0.0001 |