Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants by phenotypic clusters in the Jackson Heart Study

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

59.20 ± 0.64

60.58 ± 0.85

62.71 ± 0.953^‡

 Women, n (%)

188 (72.3)

105(70.0)

67 (56.3)^‡

 Body mass index, kg/m²

35.68 ± 0.44

33.96 ± 0.58

32.48 ± 0.66^†‡

 Obesity, n (%)

193 (74.2)

102 (68.0)

72 (60.5)^‡

 Current smokers, n (%)

21 (8.1)

20 (13.3)

13 (10.9)

 Hypertension, n (%)

197 (75.8)

116 (77.3)

101 (84.9)

Group, n (%)

 Isolated T2DM

11 (27.5)

19 (47.5)

10 (25.0)

 T2DM + Obesity

32 (43.8)

33 (45.2)

10 (11.0)

 T2DM + HTN

48 (40.0)

38 (31.8)

34 (28.3)

 T2DM + Obesity + HTN

119 (41.2)

118 (40.8)

55 (18.0)

Hemodynamics

 Heart rate, bpm

69.35 ± 0.68

66.36 ± 0.89^†

67.18 ± 1.00^‡

 Systolic BP, mmHg

128.30 ± 1.10

129.63 ± 1.34^†

137.34 ± 1.50^‡

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

74.61 ± 0.52

73.87 ± 0.69

75.02 ± 0.77

Biochemistry

 HbA_1C, %

7.67 ± 0.09

7.41 ± 0.12

7.27 ± 0.14

 HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

49.80 ± 0.85

50.38 ± 1.12

51.02 ± 1.26

 LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

126.76 ± 2.28

117.42 ± 3.00

123.20 ± 3.37

 Triglycerides, mg/dL

124.05 ± 3.84

120.05 ± 5.06

114.75 ± 5.68

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

94.51 ± 1.44

91.64 ± 1.89

87.51 ± 2.12

 BNP, pg/dL

11.86 ± 1.82

17.68 ± 2.40^†

25.55 ± 2.70^‡

 High sensitivity troponin I, pg/dL

5.58 ± 1.64

8.91 ± 2.15

14.30 ± 2.42*

Medications, n (%)

 Metformin

42 (16.2)

25 (16.7)

18 (15.1)

 Insulin

36 (13.8)

15 (10.0)

19 (16.0)

 ACE inhibitors

29 (11.2)

17 (11.3)

10 (8.4)

 Other diabetes medications

72 (27.7)

54 (36.0)

42 (35.3)

 Statins therapy

119 (46.8)

71 (48.0)

58 (50.0)