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Table 3 Sensitivity analysis for bias due to the existence of comorbidities by excluding individuals with stroke, severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

From: Sleep duration predicts subsequent long-term mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a large single-center cohort study

Sleep duration (h/day)

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Model V

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

HR (95% CI)

p value

All-cause mortality

         

 ≤ 4

1.47 (1.09, 1.99)

0.01

1.50 (1.13, 1.98)

0.005

1.40 (1.06, 1.86)

0.02

1.40 (1.05, 1.86)

0.02

1.41 (1.04, 1.92)

0.03

5–6

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

0.20

1.06 (0.94, 1.21)

0.33

1.05 (0.93, 1.19)

0.44

1.07 (0.94, 1.21)

0.32

1.08 (0.95, 1.23)

0.25

7

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

8

1.13 (1.01, 1.26)

0.03

1.09 (0.97, 1.21)

0.14

1.11 (1.00, 1.23)

0.06

1.12 (1.00, 1.25)

0.04

1.12 (1.00, 1.25)

0.05

9–10

1.42 (1.27, 1.58)

 < 0.001

1.34 (1.20, 1.49)

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.23, 1.52)

 < 0.001

1.39 (1.25, 1.54)

 < 0.001

1.41 (1.26, 1.57)

 < 0.001

 > 10

1.91 (1.61, 2.27)

 < 0.001

1.80 (1.53, 2.12)

 < 0.001

1.82 (1.54, 2.14)

 < 0.001

1.82 (1.55, 2.15)

 < 0.001

1.88 (1.58, 2.24)

 < 0.001

Expanded CVD mortality

         

≤ 4

2.00 (1.34, 2.98)

 < 0.001

1.76 (1.19, 2.60)

0.005

1.54 (1.04, 2.28)

0.03

1.57 (1.05, 2.34)

0.03

1.90 (1.26, 2.86)

0.002

5–6

1.08 (0.88, 1.31)

0.47

1.02 (0.85, 1.23)

0.82

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

0.90

1.03 (0.85, 1.24)

0.80

1.05 (0.86, 1.28)

0.66

7

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

8

1.08 (0.91, 1.28)

0.38

1.01 (0.86, 1.19)

0.91

1.05 (0.89, 1.24)

0.54

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

0.43

1.06 (0.89, 1.26)

0.51

9–10

1.44 (1.22, 1.70)

 < 0.001

1.29 (1.11, 1.52)

 < 0.001

1.35 (1.16, 1.58)

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.17, 1.61)

 < 0.001

1.40 (1.18, 1.66)

 < 0.001

> 10

2.05 (1.59, 2.64)

 < 0.001

1.85 (1.46, 2.34)

 < 0.001

1.88 (1.49, 2.38)

 < 0.001

1.91 (1.51, 2.42)

 < 0.001

1.99 (1.54, 2.58)

 < 0.001

Non-expanded CVD mortality

         

≤ 4

1.10 (0.70, 1.73)

0.69

1.31 (0.88, 1.96)

0.18

1.26 (0.85, 1.89)

0.25

1.22 (0.81, 1.86)

0.34

1.05 (0.66, 1.67)

0.83

5–6

1.10 (0.92, 1.30)

0.29

1.10 (0.93, 1.30)

0.28

1.08 (0.91, 1.28)

0.36

1.10 (0.93, 1.30)

0.27

1.11 (0.93, 1.31)

0.26

7

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

8

1.17 (1.01, 1.35)

0.04

1.15 (0.99, 1.33)

0.06

1.16 (1.00, 1.34)

0.05

1.16 (1.01, 1.34)

0.04

1.17 (1.01, 1.35)

0.04

9–10

1.39 (1.20, 1.61)

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.19, 1.58)

 < 0.001

1.38 (1.19, 1.59)

 < 0.001

1.39 (1.20, 1.61)

 < 0.001

1.40 (1.21, 1.63)

 < 0.001

> 10

1.81 (1.43, 2.29)

 < 0.001

1.74 (1.38, 2.19)

 < 0.001

1.75 (1.39, 2.2)

 < 0.001

1.74 (1.38, 2.19)

 < 0.001

1.79 (1.41, 2.28)

 < 0.001

  1. Multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercising, body mass index, duration of diabetes, age at diabetes diagnosis, types of diabetes treatment, complications, medication use, and biomarkers
  2. Model I excluded persons with stroke (n = 538)
  3. Model II excluded individuals with severe hypoglycemia (n = 98)
  4. Model III excluded individuals with diabetic ketoacidosis (n = 51)
  5. Model IV excluded individuals with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (n = 125)
  6. Model V excluded individuals with stroke, coronary artery disease, severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (n = 778)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840