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Table 3 Associations between plasma phosphate and all-cause mortality in individuals with versus without type 2 diabetes

From: Plasma phosphate and all-cause mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: the Dutch population-based lifelines cohort study

 

Type 2 diabetes

No diabetes

All-cause mortality (nevents/ntotal = 139/1790)

All-cause mortality (nevents/ntotal = 1126/55380)

Low

Intermediate

High

p

Low

Intermediate

High

p

0.34–0.85 mmol/L

0.85–0.98 mmol/L

0.99–1.52 mmol/L

0.24–0.85 mmol/L

0.85–0.98 mmol/L

0.99–1.83 mmol/L

Person years

5672

5516

6471

 

183,920

171,347

177,475

 

Events

45

37

57

 

418

338

370

 

Crude incident rate per 1000 person-years

7.94

6.71

8.81

 

2.27

1.97

2.08

 

Model 1

1.15 (0.74–1.78)

1.0 (ref)

1.75 (1.14–2.67)

0.01

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

1.0 (ref)

1.16 (1.00–1.36)

0.05

Model 2

1.18 (0.75–1.83)

1.0 (ref)

1.69 (1.10–2.59)

0.02

0.96 (0.83–1.12)

1.0 (ref)

1.12 (0.96–1.31)

0.14

Model 3

1.14 (0.73–1.79)

1.0 (ref)

1.65 (1.06–2.56)

0.03

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

1.0 (ref)

1.13 (0.97–1.31)

0.13

Model 4

1.07 (0.67–1.68)

1.0 (ref)

1.73 (1.10–2.72)

0.02

0.95 (0.82–1.10)

1.0 (ref)

1.12 (0.96–1.31)

0.14

  1. Data are presented as hazard ratio (HR) plus 95% CI according to tertiles of plasma phosphorus
  2. P values of < 0.05 were considered as clinical significant and are presented in bold
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age and gender
  4. Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 plus smoking, use of alcohol, BMI (categorical), HbA1c, and SBP
  5. Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 plus LDL, eGFR, (corrected) plasma calcium, use of lipid lowering drugs, use of anti-thrombotic agents, use of anti-diabetic agents, use of diuretics, and use of vitamin D supplementation
  6. Model 4: adjusted for Model 3 plus LLDS, education level, income level, marital stage, exercise and presence of comorbidities (COPD, cancer, dementia, epilepsy, liver cirrhosis, history of CVD)
  7. BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, SBP systolic blood pressure, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LLDS Lifelines Diet score, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD cardiovascular disease