Table 1 Baseline characteristics by metformin use subgroup, based on pooled SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 data

Randomized, N (%)

4881

1599

Age, years

64.8 (7.0)

67.1 (7.9)

 < 0.0001

Female, n (%)

1718 (35.2)

584 (36.5)

0.3366

Prior cardiovascular event, n (%)

2190 (44.9)

694 (43.4)

0.3060

Prior heart failure, n (%)

852 (17.5)

313 (19.6)

0.0555

Diabetes duration, years

13.8 (8.0)

16.0 (9.2)

 < 0.0001

HbA_1c, %

8.4 (1.5)

8.6 (1.6)

 < 0.0001

HbA_1c, mmol/mol

68.1 (16.8)

70.5 (17.6)

 < 0.0001

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

79.4 (19.5)

61.9 (23.8)

 < 0.0001

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m², n (%)

880 (18.0)

819 (51.2)

 < 0.0001

Albuminuria, n (%)^a

855 (36.0)

449 (51.9)

N/A

Concomitant insulin use, n (%)

2351 (48.2)

1130 (70.7)

 < 0.0001

TZD use, n (%)

129 (2.6)

65 (4.1)

 < 0.0001^b

Sulfonylurea, n (%)

1978 (40.5)

459 (28.7)

 < 0.0001

DPP-4i, n (%)

5 (0.1)

2 (0.1)

 < 0.0001

Body weight, kg

90.8 (20.3)

93.6 (22.5)

0.0002

BMI, kg/m²

32.3 (6.1)

33.2 (7.0)

0.0004

Diastolic BP, mmHg

76.8 (9.9)

75.7 (10.4)

 < 0.0001

Systolic BP, mmHg

135.4 (17.1)

136.2 (18.2)

0.1289

Heart rate, bpm

71.8 (11.2)

70.7 (10.9)

0.0015

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.2 (0.9)

2.4 (0.9)

 < 0.0001

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

85.6 (35.2)

91.7 (36.1)

 < 0.0001

ACEis, n (%)

2304 (47.2)

680 (42.5)

0.3541^c

ARBs, n (%)

1800 (36.9)

570 (35.6)

0.3541^c

Statin, n (%)

3798 (77.8)

1200 (75.0)

0.0229^d