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Table 3 Risk of all-cause death during follow-up by history of CVD or/and LLA at baseline

From: Differential prognostic burden of cardiovascular disease and lower-limb amputation on the risk of all-cause death in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes

 

All-cause death

Model 1

Model 2

 

No, n

Yes, n (%)

Incidence rate

(95% CI)

Hazard ratios

(95% CI)

P

Hazard ratios

(95% CI)

P

Absent

827

211 (20)

12 (11–14)

1

–

1

–

Cardiovascular disease only

19

30 (61)

53 (37–76)

2.47 (1.67–3.66)

 < 0.0001

2.00 (1.34–3.01)

0.0008

Lower-limb amputation only

17

45 (73)

61 (45–81)

2.38 (1.68–3.38)

 < 0.0001

2.26 (1.56–3.28)

 < 0.0001

Both conditions

2

18 (90)

156 (99–248)

8.50 (5.09–14.19)

 < 0.0001

5.32 (3.14–9.00)

 < 0.0001

  1. Incidence rate expressed per 1000 person-years. Hazard ratios (with associated 95% CIs) computed by Cox proportional hazards survival regression analyses, adjusted for cohort membership, sex and age (model 1), plus history of tobacco smoking, duration of diabetes, BMI, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin concentration, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs at baseline (model 2). p < 0.05 was considered as significant