Table 1 Characteristics of participants by history of CVD and LLA at baseline

N

1169

1038

49 (4.2)

62 (5.3)

20 (1.7)

Cohort membership, n (%)

SURGENE

337 (29)

330 (32)

5 (10)

2 (3)

0 (0)

GENEDIAB

376 (32)

284 (27)

22 (45)

54 (87)

16 (80)

GENESIS

456 (39)

424 (41)

22 (45)

6 (10)

4 (20)

Male sex, n (%)

643 (55)

552 (53)

32 (65)

41 (66)

18 (90)

Age (years)

40 ± 13

39 ± 12

52 ± 10^a

50 ± 12^a

51 ± 10^a

Age of diabetes onset (years)

15 (10, 23)

14 (10, 23)

19 (11, 29)

18 (12, 25)

16 (11, 24)

Duration of diabetes (years)

23 ± 11

22 ± 11

31 ± 9^a

32 ± 9^a

34 ± 7^a

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24 ± 3

24 ± 3

25 ± 4

24 ± 4

24 ± 3

Tobacco smoking, n (%)

Former

119 (10)

91 (9)

9 (18)

15 (24)

4 (20)

Current

241 (21)

210 (20)

8 (16)

14 (23)

9 (45)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132 ± 19

131 ± 18

140 ± 18^a

146 ± 22^a

143 ± 13^a

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

76 ± 11

76 ± 11

78 ± 9

81 ± 10^a

81 ± 8^a

HbA1c (%)

8.8 ± 1.8

8.8 ± 1.8

8.7 ± 1.1

9.2 ± 2.7

8.5 ± 1.5

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

72 ± 20

72 ± 20

71 ± 12

77 ± 29

70 ± 16

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)¹

5.6 ± 1.4

5.6 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 1.4^a

5.7 ± 1.4

6.3 ± 1.3^a

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

86 ± 30

89 ± 28

66 ± 31^a

64 ± 32^a

61 ± 34^a

Urinary albumin concentration (mg/l)

14 (6, 94)

13 (5, 77)

17 (6, 501)

91 (16, 457)

381 (36, 805)

Diabetic kidney disease, n (%)

484 (41)

398 (38)

26 (53)

42 (68)

18 (90)

Diabetic retinopathy stages, n (%)

Non-proliferative

276 (24)

265 (26)

7 (14)

1 (2)

3 (15)

Pre-proliferative

182 (16)

160 (15)

9 (18)

10 (16)

3 (15)

Proliferative

503 (43)

405 (39)

33 (67)

51 (82)

14 (70)

Peripheral diabetic neuropathy, n (%)

412 (35)

314 (30)

29 (59)

51 (82)

18 (90)

Peripheral artery disease, n (%)

71 (8)

0

0

52 (88)

19 (100)

Antihypertensive drugs, n (%)

469 (40)

371 (36)

39 (80)

42 (68)

17 (85)

Lipid-lowering drugs, n (%)

69 (6)

52 (5)

9 (18)

4 (6)

4 (20)