Fig. 6

LIRA recovered HG-damaged CD34⁺ HSPC oxidative metabolism. Analysis of bioenergetics profiling with Seahorse in control (NG), after 20 days HG exposure alone (HG) or in the presence of 100 nM LIRA (HG 100LIRA). A Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) profiles of cells subjected to sequential injections of 1.5 µM oligomycin A, 2 µM FCCP and 0.5 µM rotenone + 0.5 µM antimycin A (XF Mito Stress Test protocol). OCR values were normalized to cell number by counting Hoechst-positive nuclei at the end of the experiment. B Statistics of mitochondrial parameters, including basal Mitochondrial Respiration (Basal MR), maximal Mitochondrial Respiration (Max MR), basal to maximal MR ratio and coupling efficiency. C Proton Efflux Rate (PER) profiles of cells subjected to sequential injections of 1.5 µM oligomycin A, 0.5 µM rotenone + 0.5 µM antimycin A and 50 mM 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (combined XF ATP and Glyco rate protocols). D Statistics of glycolytic bioenergetic parameters, including basal Glycolysis (Basal GlycoPER), maximal Glycolysis (Max GlycoPER), basal to maximal GlycoPER ratio, ATP rate index (Mito ATP/Glyco ATP). *p < 0.05 vs NG, # p < 0.05 vs HG (one-way ANOVA plus Tukey’s multiple comparison). Bioenergetic parameters were calculated from Seahorse data as described in Methods. Mean ± SEM from two individual experiments (n = 10–24 technical replicates). HG = high glucose, LIRA = liraglutide, NG = normal glucose