High pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation on computed tomography angiography predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: post-hoc analysis from a prospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between T2DM patients with and without cardiovascular events

Variable	All	Cardiovascular events		p value^a
Variable	All	Present	Absent	p value^a
n	333	31	302
Age, years	66 ± 11	68 ± 10	66 ± 11	0.235
Male sex	211 (63)	21 (68)	190 (63)	0.595
Body mass index, kg/m²	25 ± 5	25 ± 5	25 ± 4	0.991
Hypertension	229 (69)	21 (68)	208 (69)	0.897
Dyslipidemia	219 (66)	20 (65)	199 (66)	0.878
Current Smoker	76 (23)	9 (29)	67 (22)	0.387
Obesity^b	141 (42)	12 (39)	129 (43)	0.667
β-blocker	63 (19)	3 (10)	60 (20)	0.168
Calcium channel blocker	125 (38)	13 (42)	112 (37)	0.595
ACE-I or ARB	156 (47)	14 (45)	142 (47)	0.843
Statin	152 (46)	11 (36)	141 (47)	0.233
Insulin therapy	84 (25)	7 (23)	77 (26)	0.722
Oral antihyperglycemic drugs	184 (55)	16 (52)	168 (56)	0.668
Metformin	62 (19)	3 (10)	59 (20)	0.179
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor	52 (16)	2 (7)	50 (17)	0.140
DPP4 inhibitor	119 (36)	12 (39)	107 (35)	0.717
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²	68 ± 19	69 ± 21	68 ± 18	0.672
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	182 ± 32	190 ± 34	181 ± 32	0.145
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	107 ± 28	120 ± 35	106 ± 27	0.013
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	54 ± 17	53 ± 19	54 ± 16	0.666
Triglyceride, mg/dL	115 (85, 169)	114 (86, 169)	116 (84, 169)	0.859
HbA1c, %	7.4 ± 1.5	7.5 ± 1.2	7.4 ± 1.5	0.703
CACS	107 (2, 459)	298 (106, 998)	92 (0, 408)	0.003
Pericardial fat volume, mL	129 ± 53	133 ± 50	129 ± 54	0.633
LAD-PCAT attenuation, HU	− 70.6 ± 6.1	− 68.5 ± 6.5	− 70.8 ± 6.1	0.045
RCA-PCAT attenuation, HU	− 68.0 ± 6.9	− 66.0 ± 8.2	− 68.3 ± 6.7	0.089
Significant stenosis	135 (41)	22 (71)	113 (37)	< 0.001
High-risk plaque	81 (24)	14 (45)	67 (22)	0.005
Suita score	51 ± 10	55 ± 7	51 ± 11	0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus; ACE-I angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker; DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAD left anterior descending; LDL low-density lipoprotein; HDL high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c; CACS coronary artery calcium score; PCAT pericoronary adipose tissue; RCA right coronary artery; HU Hounsfield units
^aComparisons between patients with and without cardiovascular events
^bObesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²