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Table 2 Baseline demographics and angiographic characteristics stratified by low or high FAR and different glycemic metabolism status

From: High fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: 5-year findings from a large cohort

Variable

FAR-H/DM (n = 1116)

FAR-L/DM (n = 1189)

FAR-H/Non-DM (n = 1265)

FAR-L/Non-DM (n = 1728)

P value

FAR

0.099 ± 0.021

0.067 ± 0.009

0.098 ± 0.021

0.066 ± 0.008

 < 0.001

Baseline characteristics

 Age, years

60.86 ± 10.03

58.20 ± 9.70

59.54 ± 10.75

56.01 ± 10.21

 < 0.001

 Male, n (%)

779 (69.8)

957 (80.5)

937 (74.1)

1,146 (83.7)

 < 0.001

 BMI, kg/m2

26.20 ± 3.22

26.37 ± 3.01

25.54 ± 3.09

25.63 ± 3.18

 < 0.001

 DM, n (%)

1116 (48.4)

1189 (51.6)

–

–

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

784 (70.3)

807 (67.9)

788 (62.3)

1007 (58.3)

 < 0.001

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

826 (74.0)

868 (73.0)

818 (64.7)

1145 (66.3)

 < 0.001

 Smoking history, n (%)

624 (55.9)

697 (58.6)

732 (57.9)

1054 (61.0)

0.053

 Family history of CAD, n (%)

230 (20.6)

276 (23.2)

282 (22.3)

434 (25.1)

0.040

 Previous MI, n (%)

236 (21.1)

258 (21.7)

198 (15.7)

344 (19.9)

0.001

 Previous PCI, n (%)

274 (24.6)

341 (28.7)

220 (17.4)

394 (22.8)

 < 0.001

 Previous stroke, n (%)

162 (14.5)

133 (11.2)

120 (9.5)

141 (8.2)

 < 0.001

Previous PAD, n (%)

41 (3.7)

43 (3.6)

24 (1.9)

42 (2.4)

0.014

 Clinical presentation, n (%)

    

 < 0.001

  CCS

443 (39.7)

583 (49.0)

438 (34.6)

794 (45.9)

 

  ACS

673 (60.3)

606 (51.0)

827 (65.4)

934 (54.1)

 

Laboratory tests

 FIB, g/L

4.05 ± 0.77

2.91 ± 0.42

3.99 ± 0.78

2.84 ± 0.39

 < 0.001

 Albumin, g/L

41.22 ± 3.75

43.52 ± 3.57

41.12 ± 3.67

43.34 ± 3.66

 < 0.001

 FBG, mmol/L

7.28 ± 2.43

7.22 ± 2.40

5.07 ± 0.56

5.08 ± 0.58

 < 0.001

 HbA1c, %

7.67 ± 1.40

7.36 ± 1.21

5.93 ± 0.31

5.86 ± 0.35

 < 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.85 ± 1.13

1.97 ± 1.40

1.68 ± 0.85

1.72 ± 0.93

 < 0.001

 TC, mmol/L

4.22 ± 1.13

4.14 ± 1.09

4.19 ± 1.03

4.14 ± 1.09

0.173

 HDL-C, mmol/L

0.98 ± 0.26

1.02 ± 0.26

1.01 ± 0.27

1.06 ± 0.29

 < 0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.54 ± 0.94

2.41 ± 0.89

2.52 ± 0.88

2.45 ± 0.93

0.002

 hs-CRP, mg/L

5.08 ± 4.48

1.71 ± 2.03

4.82 ± 4.38

1.42 ± 1.73

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, μmol/L

76.44 ± 19.39

74.83 ± 15.27

75.71 ± 16.55

74.70 ± 13.24

0.019

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

88.16 ± 17.12

92.39 ± 14.89

90.03 ± 15.15

94.52 ± 13.09

 < 0.001

 LVEF, %

62.12 ± 7.45

63.22 ± 6.85

62.90 ± 7.50

64.19 ± 6.40

 < 0.001

Medications at admission, n (%)

 Aspirin, n (%)

1104 (98.9)

1177 (99.0)

1247 (98.6)

1717 (99.4)

0.199

 Clopidogrel, n (%)

1114 (99.8)

1185 (99.7)

1264 (99.9)

1723 (99.7)

0.517

 β-blocker, n (%)

1108 (91.2)

1115 (93.8)

1146 (90.6)

1550 (89.7)

0.002

 CCB, n (%)

566 (50.7)

583 (49.0)

704 (55.7)

960 (55.6)

 < 0.001

 Statins, n (%)

1069 (95.8)

1140 (95.9)

1226 (96.9)

1677 (97.0)

0.157

 Nitrate, n (%)

1088 (97.5)

1153 (97.0)

1232 (97.4)

1689 (97.7)

0.638

 Insulin, n (%)

319 (28.6)

294 (24.7)

–

–

 < 0.001

Coronary procedural information

 LM/three-vessel disease, n (%)

604 (54.1)

568 (47.8)

525 (41.5)

685 (39.6)

 < 0.001

 Chronic total occlusion, n (%)

66 (5.9)

86 (7.2)

98 (7.7)

127 (7.3)

0.338

 Target vessel territory, n (%)

    

0.001

  LAD

471 (42.2)

540 (45.4)

623 (49.2)

878 (50.8)

 

  LCX

232 (20.8)

211 (17.7)

207 (16.4)

305 (17.7)

 

  RCA

396 (35.5)

426 (35.8)

415 (32.8)

520 (30.1)

 

 Number of stents

1.79 ± 0.86

1.77 ± 0.86

1.76 ± 0.94

1.75 ± 0.89

0.677

 SYNTAX score

12.76 ± 8.47

11.77 ± 8.27

12.14 ± 8.22

10.92 ± 7.41

 < 0.001

 Complete revascularization, n (%)

1106 (99.1)

1185 (99.7)

1256 (99.3)

1721 (99.6)

0.209

 DES implantation, n (%)

1099 (98.5)

1175 (98.8)

1253 (99.1)

1699 (98.3)

0.331

  1. MACCE major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, FAR fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, PAD peripheral artery disease, CCS chronic coronary syndrome, ACS acute coronary syndrome, FIB fibrinogen, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, CCB calcium channel blocker, LM left main artery, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, RCA right coronary artery, SYNTAX synergy between PCI with taxus and cardiac surgery, DES drug-eluting stent