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Table 1 Baseline demographics and angiographic characteristics of entire population stratified by the primary endpoint

From: High fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: 5-year findings from a large cohort

Variable

Total population (n = 5298)

Non-MACCEs (n = 4199)

MACCEs (n = 1099)

P value

FAR

0.081 ± 0.022

0.080 ± 0.022

0.082 ± 0.024

0.010

Four subgroups, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 FAR-H/DM

1116 (21.1)

829 (19.7)

287 (26.1)

 

 FAR-L/DM

1189 (22.4)

941 (22.4)

248 (22.6)

 

 FAR-H/Non-DM

1265 (23.9)

1018 (24.2)

247 (22.5)

 

 FAR-L/Non-DM

1728 (32.6)

1411 (33.6)

317 (28.8)

 

Baseline characteristics

 Age, years

58.36 ± 10.36

58.12 ± 10.26

59.30 ± 10.68

0.001

 Male, n (%)

4,119 (77.7)

3,246 (77.3)

873 (79.4)

0.130

 BMI, kg/m2

25.89 ± 3.15

25.92 ± 3.15

25.81 ± 3.15

0.338

 DM, n (%)

2305 (43.5)

1770 (42.2)

535 (48.7)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

3386 (63.9)

2629 (62.6)

757 (68.9)

 < 0.001

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

3657 (69.0)

2889 (68.8)

768 (69.9)

0.491

 Smoking history, n (%)

3107 (58.6)

2435 (58.0)

672 (61.1)

0.059

 Family history of CAD, n (%)

1222 (23.1)

948 (22.6)

274 (24.9)

0.101

 Previous MI, n (%)

1036 (19.6)

791 (18.8)

245 (22.3)

0.010

 Previous PCI, n (%)

1229 (23.2)

914 (21.8)

315 (28.7)

 < 0.001

 Previous stroke, n (%)

556 (10.5)

419 (10.0)

137 (12.5)

0.017

 Previous PAD, n (%)

150 (2.8)

120 (2.9)

30 (2.7)

0.820

 Clinical presentation, n (%)

   

0.435

  CCS

2258 (42.6)

1801 (42.9)

457 (41.6)

 

  ACS

3040 (57.4)

2398 (67.1)

642 (58.4)

 

Laboratory tests

 FIB, g/L

3.38 ± 0.83

3.37 ± 0.82

3.43 ± 0.85

0.047

 Albumin, g/L

42.40 ± 3.83

42.45 ± 3.84

42.22 ± 3.79

0.079

 FBG, mmol/L

6.02 ± 1.97

5.99 ± 1.93

6.16 ± 2.11

0.012

 HbA1c, %

6.59 ± 1.21

6.56 ± 1.21

6.72 ± 1.21

 < 0.001

 TG, mmol/L

1.80 ± 1.09

1.80 ± 1.10

1.80 ± 1.02

0.895

 TC, mmol/L

4.17 ± 1.09

4.17 ± 1.08

4.16 ± 1.90

0.883

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.02 ± 0.27

1.02 ± 0.28

1.01 ± 0.27

0.158

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.48 ± 0.91

2.48 ± 0.91

2.48 ± 0.91

0.971

 hs-CRP, mg/L

3.07 ± 3.68

2.99 ± 3.63

3.36 ± 3.87

0.006

 Creatinine, μmol/L

75.33 ± 15.95

74.98 ± 15.50

76.68 ± 17.52

0.004

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

91.63 ± 15.10

92.01 ± 14.72

90.18 ± 16.41

0.001

 LVEF, %

63.23 ± 7.04

63.38 ± 6.92

62.67 ± 7.47

0.005

Medications at admission

 Aspirin, n (%)

5245 (99.0)

4157 (99.0)

1088 (99.0)

0.998

 Clopidogrel, n (%)

5286 (99.8)

4190 (99.8)

1096 (99.7)

0.716

 β-blocker, n (%)

4829 (91.1)

3822 (91.0)

1007 (91.6)

0.528

 CCB, n (%)

2485 (46.9)

1941 (46.2)

544 (49.5)

0.053

 Statins, n (%)

5112 (96.5)

4054 (96.5)

1058 (96.3)

0.656

 Nitrate, n (%)

5162 (97.4)

4082 (97.2)

1080 (98.3)

0.048

 Insulin, n (%)

613 (11.6)

456 (10.9)

157 (14.3)

0.002

Coronary procedural information

 LM/three-vessel disease, n (%)

2382 (45.0)

1806 (43.0)

576 (52.4)

 < 0.001

 Chronic total occlusion, n (%)

377 (7.1)

291 (6.9)

86 (7.8)

0.304

 Target vessel territory, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

  LAD

2512 (47.4)

2073 (49.4)

439 (39.9)

 

  LCX

955 (18.0)

739 (17.6)

216 (19.7)

 

  RCA

1757 (33.2)

1334 (31.8)

423 (38.5)

 

 Number of stents

1.77 ± 0.89

1.76 ± 0.90

1.79 ± 0.86

0.303

 SYNTAX score

11.79 ± 9.06

11.61 ± 7.90

12.47 ± 8.62

0.003

 Complete revascularization, n (%)

5268 (99.4)

4179 (99.5)

1089 (99.1)

0.088

 DES implantation, n (%)

5226 (98.6)

4148 (98.8)

1078 (98.1)

0.076

  1. MACCE major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, FAR fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, CAD coronary artery disease, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, PAD peripheral artery disease, CCS chronic coronary syndrome, ACS acute coronary syndrome, FIB fibrinogen, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, CCB calcium channel blocker, LM left main artery, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, RCA right coronary artery, SYNTAX synergy between PCI with taxus and cardiac surgery, DES drug-eluting stent