Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis

Table 4 Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on safety events among patients with diabetic kidney disease

Outcome	No studies	No events	Sample size	RR (95% CI)	I², %	P_{Heterogeneity}	P_{Egger test}
Male genital mycotic infections	2	98	4091	3.89 (1.42–10.62)	62.1	0.072	0.392
Female genital mycotic infections	2	53	2100	2.50 (1.32–4.72)	0.0	0.384	NA
Diabetic ketoacidosis	2	56	14,974	3.54 (0.82–15.39)	54.3	0.139	NA
Volume depletion	4	1016*	18,832	1.29 (1.13–1.48)	0.0	0.713	0.936
Amputations	4	248*	18,832	1.21 (0.85–1.72)	25.4	0.244	0.767
Bone fractures	4	475*	18,832	1.00 (0.84–1.20)	0.0	0.953	0.447
Urinary tract infections	4	1739*	18,832	1.04 (0.95–1.14)	0.0	0.781	0.339
Acute kidney injury	3	197*	8255	0.85 (0.66–1.11)	0.0	0.975	0.535
Hyperkalemia	3	359*	8255	0.82 (0.67–1.01)	0.0	0.692	0.601

Bold values indicate statistically significant estimates
*The number of events from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial were not reported and therefore not included in the table for the following outcomes: volume depletion, amputations, fractures, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, and hyperkalemia. CI indicates confidence interval, EMPA‐REG OUTCOME Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 diabetes Mellitus Patients; I², I-squared, RR relative risk, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2

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