Variable (n = 480) | T1 (low tertile), n = 151 | T2 (middle tertile), n = 180 | T3 (high tertile), n = 149 | P value for trend |
---|---|---|---|---|
RLP cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.3 [0.2–0.4] | 0.6 [0.5–0.7] | 1.1 [0.9–1.4] | < 0.001 |
General characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 53.6 [40.7–62.3] | 53.8 [41.3–62.7] | 53.1 [44.7–61.3] | 0.902 |
Male sex (%) | 49.0 | 63.3 | 59.1 | 0.029 |
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker (%) | 47.9 | 40.8 | 37.0 | 0.159 |
Former smoker (%) | 41.7 | 49.4 | 41.8 | 0.271 |
Current smoker (%) | 10.4 | 9.8 | 21.2 | 0.005 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||
None (%) | 12.7 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 0.430 |
0–10 g/day (%) | 63.3 | 59.6 | 59.9 | 0.750 |
10–30 g/day (%) | 18.0 | 26.4 | 25.2 | 0.166 |
> 30 g/day (%) | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 0.978 |
Body composition | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 [22.1–28.1] | 25.6 [23.2–27.7] | 26.4 [23.3–29.9] | 0.017 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 95.0 ± 15.7 | 96.3 ± 13.5 | 98.6 ± 13.1 | 0.096 |
Transplant history | ||||
Time since renal transplantation (years) | 7.0 [4.0–12.0] | 6.0 [2.3–12.0] | 4.0 [1.0–12.0] | 0.019 |
Deceased donor (%) | 65.5 | 64.4 | 63.1 | 0.904 |
Donor age (years) | 44.0 [29.0–53.0] | 46.0 [31.0–55.8] | 48.0 [34.0–56.0] | 0.263 |
Dialysis duration (months) | 42.5 [13.0–62.8] | 48.0 [23.0–64.5] | 32.0 [16.0–54.0] | 0.234 |
Acute rejection (%) | 19.2 | 25.0 | 27.5 | 0.221 |
HLA class I positive (%) | 10.6 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 0.700 |
HLA class II positive (%) | 14.6 | 11.7 | 10.7 | 0.819 |
Renal allograft function | ||||
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 112.0 [92.0–140.3] | 122.0 [101.0–152.0] | 139.0 [109.0–178.5] | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 55.9 [42.4–70.2] | 52.9 [42.3–64.1] | 43.9 [30.3–61.0] | < 0.001 |
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) | 28.4 [6.6–100.5] | 25.3 [7.8–115.2] | 32.3 [7.8–158.6] | 0.683 |
Proteinuria (≥ 0.5 g/24 h) (%) | 17.2 | 22.2 | 21.5 | 0.493 |
Inflammation markers | ||||
hsC-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.2 [0.5–3.3] | 1.4 [0.6–4.5] | 1.6 [0.8–4.0] | 0.254 |
Blood pressure | ||||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82.9 ± 11.3 | 82.3 ± 10.9 | 83.9 ± 10.5 | 0.447 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.0 [122.0–142.0] | 135.0 [125.0–146.0] | 135.0 [125.0–145.5] | 0.297 |
Glucose homeostasis | ||||
Plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 [4.7–5.4] | 5.0 [4.7–5.5] | 5.2 [4.7–5.6] | 0.605 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38.0 [36.0–41.0] | 39.0 [36.0–41.0] | 39 [36.0–42.0] | 0.479 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 [5.4–5.9] | 5.7 [5.4–5.9] | 5.7 [5.4–6.0] | 0.479 |
Lipids and lipoproteins | ||||
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.7 [4.1–5.5] | 4.8 [4.3–5.5] | 5.6 [5.0–6.3] | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.8 [2.2–3.4] | 2.8 [2.3–3.3] | 3.0 [2.6–3.6] | 0.004 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 [1.2–1.9] | 1.3 [1.1–1.6] | 1.2 [1.0–1.4] | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2 [1.0–1.4] | 1.6 [1.3–1.9] | 2.4 [1.9–3.0] | < 0.001 |
Medication use | ||||
Antihypertensives (%) | 85.4 | 87.2 | 87.2 | 0.864 |
Statins (%) | 43.7 | 51.1 | 54.4 | 0.165 |
Proliferation inhibitor (%) | 84.1 | 86.7 | 83.9 | 0.730 |
Calcineurin inhibitor (%) | 46.4 | 59.4 | 59.1 | 0.030 |
Tacrolimus (%) | 13.2 | 15.6 | 16.8 | 0.686 |
Cyclosporine (%) | 33.1 | 39.4 | 36.2 | 0.490 |
Prednisolone (mg/24 h) | 10.0 [7.5–10.0] | 10.0 [7.5–10.0] | 10.0 [7.5–10.0] | 0.183 |