| High-FMI | Low-FMI | High-FMI vs Low-FMI, p-value | High-ASMI vs Low-ASMI, p-value | FMI by ASMI interaction, p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | High-ASMI (n = 72) | Low-ASMI (n = 184) | High-ASMI (n = 184) | Low-ASMI (n = 71) | |||
Age, year | 58.9 (6.5) | 60.2 (6.5) | 60.0 (6.6) | 61.2 (6.2) | 0.077 | 0.041 | 0.942 |
Diabetes duration, year | 7.8 (5.6) | 7.1 (6.9) | 7.1 (6.5) | 7.5 (6.7) | 0.848 | 0.801 | 0.512 |
ASMI, kg/BMI | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.78 (0.06) | 0.99 (0.08) | 0.82 (0.04) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 | 0.773 |
Fat mass index, kg/m2 | 11.6 (1.2) | 13.5 (2.6) | 8.3 (1.2) | 9.2 (1.5) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 | 0.012 |
Truncal fat mass, kg | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) |  < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.112 |
Race/Ethnicity, n (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.648 |  < 0.001 |  |
 White | 51 (70.8) | 125 (67.9) | 130 (70.7) | 57 (80.3) |  |  |  |
 African American | 3 (4.2) | 14 (7.6) | 8 (4.3) | 4 (5.6) |  |  |  |
 Hispanic | 13 (18.1) | 13 (18.5) | 40 (21.7) | 9 (12.7) |  |  |  |
 Others | 5 (6.9) | 11 (6.0) | 6 (3.3) | 1 (1.4) |  |  |  |
Income, n (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.553 |  < 0.001 |  |
 < $30,000 | 10 (13.9) | 34 (18.5) | 35 (19.0) | 11 (15.5) |  |  |  |
 $30,000—$59,999 | 21 (29.2) | 49 (26.6) | 38 (20.7) | 20 (28.2) |  |  |  |
 ≥ $60,000 | 37 (51.4) | 87 (47.3) | 106 (57.6) | 36 (50.7) |  |  |  |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.189 | 0.908 | Â |
 Never | 27 (37.5) | 73 (39.7) | 73 (39.7) | 31 (43.7) |  |  |  |
 Past | 37 (51.4) | 100 (54.3) | 104 (56.5) | 38 (53.5) |  |  |  |
 Current | 8 (11.1) | 11 (6.0) | 7 (3.8) | 2 (2.8) |  |  |  |
Medication, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Anti-hyperglycemic | 49 (69.0) | 142 (77.6) | 133 (72.3) | 47 (64.4) | 0.191 | 0.534 |  |
 Anti-dyslipidemic | 41 (56.9) | 87 (47.3) | 96 (52.2) | 30 (42.3) | 0.565 | 0.452 |  |
 Anti-hypertensive | 46 (64.8) | 127 (69.4) | 112 (60.9) | 46 (63.0) | 0.117 | 0.184 |  |
 Antidepressant | 11 (15.3) | 17 (9.2) | 17 (9.2) | 8 (11.3) | 0.114 | 0.459 |  |
Cardiovascular disease risk factors | |||||||
 Weight, kg | 116.6 (9.4) | 110.9 (15.2) | 111.0 (15.2) | 90.3 (9.8) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 | 0.501 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 35.8 (2.4) | 37.5 (4.2) | 30.8 (2.4) | 31.4 (2.8) |  < 0.001 |  < 0.001 | 0.051 |
 A1C, mmol/mol | 58.0 (13.0) | 56.8 (14.9) | 54.3 (11.8) | 54.1 (12.6) | 0.008 | 0.263 | 0.846 |
 A1C, % | 7.5 (1.2) | 7.3 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.1) | 7.1 (1.2) | 0.008 | 0.263 | 0.846 |
 Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 160.9 (44.1) | 158.2 (50.6) | 154.1 (43.0) | 154.1 (49.7) | 0.129 | 0.876 | 0.801 |
 HDL-C, mg/dL | 36.8 (8.1) | 38.1 (8.6) | 37.4 (8.9) | 36.7 (9.7) | 0.382 | 0.835 | 0.520 |
 LDL-C, mg/dL | 105.4 (29.9) | 108.7 (31.5) | 104.9 (27.1) | 109.3 (34.7) | 0.640 | 0.280 | 0.933 |
 Triglycerides, mg/dL | 203.6 (118.9) | 207.3 (135.0) | 185.6 (105.5) | 207.9 (156.8) | 0.946 | 0.152 | 0.448 |
 Systolic BP, mmHg | 131.0 (16.3) | 131.1 (16.9) | 129.0 (16.7) | 123.6 (16.8) | 0.015 | 0.211 | 0.060 |
 Diastolic BP, mmHg | 76.1 (7.8) | 72.2 (9.2) | 73.8 (8.6) | 70.8 (8.2) | 0.039 |  < 0.001 | 0.788 |
 CRF, MET | 7.9 (1.8) | 7.3 (1.6) | 9.4 (2.2) | 8.6 (2.1) |  < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.867 |
 Depression, point | 4.8 (4.1) | 5.5 (5.0) | 4.0 (4.4) | 5.7 (5.0) | 0.373 | 0.107 | 0.715 |
 HR-QoL (PCS), point | 47.5 (9.0) | 47.3 (8.2) | 51.4 (6.5) | 49.7 (6.8) |  < 0.001 | 0.379 | 0.754 |
 HR-QoL (MCS), point | 52.6 (9.1) | 53.6 (8.7) | 54.2 (7.2) | 53.9 (8.1) | 0.299 | 0.565 | 0.727 |