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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of male participants

From: Sex-specific associations of fat mass and muscle mass with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes living with overweight and obesity: secondary analysis of the Look AHEAD trial

 

High-FMI

Low-FMI

High-FMI vs

Low-FMI, p-value

High-ASMI vs

Low-ASMI, p-value

FMI by ASMI

interaction, p-value

 

High-ASMI (n = 72)

Low-ASMI (n = 184)

High-ASMI (n = 184)

Low-ASMI (n = 71)

Age, year

58.9 (6.5)

60.2 (6.5)

60.0 (6.6)

61.2 (6.2)

0.077

0.041

0.942

Diabetes duration, year

7.8 (5.6)

7.1 (6.9)

7.1 (6.5)

7.5 (6.7)

0.848

0.801

0.512

ASMI, kg/BMI

0.94 (0.06)

0.78 (0.06)

0.99 (0.08)

0.82 (0.04)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.773

Fat mass index, kg/m2

11.6 (1.2)

13.5 (2.6)

8.3 (1.2)

9.2 (1.5)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.012

Truncal fat mass, kg

2.2 (0.3)

2.4 (0.5)

1.5 (0.3)

1.6 (0.3)

 < 0.001

0.004

0.112

Race/Ethnicity, n (%)

    

0.648

 < 0.001

 

 White

51 (70.8)

125 (67.9)

130 (70.7)

57 (80.3)

   

 African American

3 (4.2)

14 (7.6)

8 (4.3)

4 (5.6)

   

 Hispanic

13 (18.1)

13 (18.5)

40 (21.7)

9 (12.7)

   

 Others

5 (6.9)

11 (6.0)

6 (3.3)

1 (1.4)

   

Income, n (%)

    

0.553

 < 0.001

 

 < $30,000

10 (13.9)

34 (18.5)

35 (19.0)

11 (15.5)

   

 $30,000—$59,999

21 (29.2)

49 (26.6)

38 (20.7)

20 (28.2)

   

 ≥ $60,000

37 (51.4)

87 (47.3)

106 (57.6)

36 (50.7)

   

Smoking, n (%)

    

0.189

0.908

 

 Never

27 (37.5)

73 (39.7)

73 (39.7)

31 (43.7)

   

 Past

37 (51.4)

100 (54.3)

104 (56.5)

38 (53.5)

   

 Current

8 (11.1)

11 (6.0)

7 (3.8)

2 (2.8)

   

Medication, n (%)

       

 Anti-hyperglycemic

49 (69.0)

142 (77.6)

133 (72.3)

47 (64.4)

0.191

0.534

 

 Anti-dyslipidemic

41 (56.9)

87 (47.3)

96 (52.2)

30 (42.3)

0.565

0.452

 

 Anti-hypertensive

46 (64.8)

127 (69.4)

112 (60.9)

46 (63.0)

0.117

0.184

 

 Antidepressant

11 (15.3)

17 (9.2)

17 (9.2)

8 (11.3)

0.114

0.459

 

Cardiovascular disease risk factors

 Weight, kg

116.6 (9.4)

110.9 (15.2)

111.0 (15.2)

90.3 (9.8)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.501

 BMI, kg/m2

35.8 (2.4)

37.5 (4.2)

30.8 (2.4)

31.4 (2.8)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.051

 A1C, mmol/mol

58.0 (13.0)

56.8 (14.9)

54.3 (11.8)

54.1 (12.6)

0.008

0.263

0.846

 A1C, %

7.5 (1.2)

7.3 (1.4)

7.1 (1.1)

7.1 (1.2)

0.008

0.263

0.846

 Fasting glucose, mg/dL

160.9 (44.1)

158.2 (50.6)

154.1 (43.0)

154.1 (49.7)

0.129

0.876

0.801

 HDL-C, mg/dL

36.8 (8.1)

38.1 (8.6)

37.4 (8.9)

36.7 (9.7)

0.382

0.835

0.520

 LDL-C, mg/dL

105.4 (29.9)

108.7 (31.5)

104.9 (27.1)

109.3 (34.7)

0.640

0.280

0.933

 Triglycerides, mg/dL

203.6 (118.9)

207.3 (135.0)

185.6 (105.5)

207.9 (156.8)

0.946

0.152

0.448

 Systolic BP, mmHg

131.0 (16.3)

131.1 (16.9)

129.0 (16.7)

123.6 (16.8)

0.015

0.211

0.060

 Diastolic BP, mmHg

76.1 (7.8)

72.2 (9.2)

73.8 (8.6)

70.8 (8.2)

0.039

 < 0.001

0.788

 CRF, MET

7.9 (1.8)

7.3 (1.6)

9.4 (2.2)

8.6 (2.1)

 < 0.001

0.006

0.867

 Depression, point

4.8 (4.1)

5.5 (5.0)

4.0 (4.4)

5.7 (5.0)

0.373

0.107

0.715

 HR-QoL (PCS), point

47.5 (9.0)

47.3 (8.2)

51.4 (6.5)

49.7 (6.8)

 < 0.001

0.379

0.754

 HR-QoL (MCS), point

52.6 (9.1)

53.6 (8.7)

54.2 (7.2)

53.9 (8.1)

0.299

0.565

0.727

  1. Data are reported mean (SD or n(%)). Values in boldface represent statistical significance (p < 0.05)
  2. ASMI appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, A1C glycated hemoglobin A1C, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CRF cardiorespiratory fitness, FMI fat mass index, HR-QoL health-related quality of life, MCS mental component summary, MET metabolic equivalent, and PCS physical component summary