Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

56.45 ± 10.05

57.33 ± 12.12

61.86 ± 9.83^*§

Male, n (%)

55(66.3%)

101(56.7%)

82 (78.8%) ^§

BMI (kg/m²)

21.24 ± 3.44

22.58 ± 9.58

25.47 ± 4.34^*§

BSA (m²)

1.58 ± 0.15

1.52 ± 0.57

1.76 ± 0.19^*§

Smoking, n (%)

8(9.6%)

62(34.8%) ^*

52(51.5%) ^*§

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

111.66 ± 10.54

134.21 ± 21.12^*

131.59 ± 22.01^*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

74.17 ± 6.11

82.05 ± 14.12^*

80.43 ± 14.43^*

Heart rate (beats/min)

71.93 ± 5.67

83.81 ± 15.32^*

80.28 ± 13.84^*

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

4.9 (4.5, 5.1)

7.2 (5.7, 9.3) ^*

8.9 (6.7, 13.2) ^*§

HbA1c, (%)

5.1 (4.9, 5.4)

6.8 (6.4, 7.4) ^*

7.9 (7.3, 8.6) ^*§

TG (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

1.5 (1.0, 2.1) ^*

1.4 (1.0, 2.2) ^*

TC (mmol/L)

3.8 (3.1, 4.5)

4.0 (3.2, 4.7)

3.8 (3.1, 4.6)

HDL (mmol/L)

1.2 (1.1, 1.5)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4) ^*

1.0 (0.9, 1.2) ^*

LDL (mmol/L)

2.1 (1.6, 2.8)

2.1 (1.6, 2.7)

2.0 (1.5, 2.7)

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

91.6 (81, 99.9)

80.0 (62.2, 96.2) ^*

79.1 (67.2, 92.3) ^*

NT-proBNP, (pg/mL)

51 (29,60)

394 (131,1494) ^*

509 (208, 2020) ^*§

Diabetes duration (years)

–

2 (0, 7.5)

4.5 (0.63, 10) ^§

Gensini score

–

–

60 (39, 97)

Number of coronary arteries affected

 One/Two/Three-vessel

–

–

34/30/40

Location of coronary artery occlusion

 (LAD/LCX/RCA)

–

–

95/52/66