Fig. 4

Effects of amiloride on MAC metabolism. The Mito Stress respiration parameters (a), the respiration-glycolysis switch plot (b), and the ATP source plot (c) of MAC pre-treated with amiloride 100 µM for 1 h followed by incubation with SA (100 µM) for 3 h are shown. Yellow and red areas represent MAC at baseline and after complete ETC inhibition, respectively. All data were normalized to 6 × 10⁴ cells and expressed as mean ± SEM from 6 independent experiments (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.005 vs Control). Ctrl = control culture condition; SA = stearate; Ami = amiloride