Parameters | Tofogliflozin group (n = 168) | Conventional group (n = 169) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (males) (%) | 98 (58.3) | 98 (58.0) | 0.95 |
Age (years) | 61.4 ± 9.3 | 60.8 ± 9.7 | 0.60 |
Current smoking | 38 (22.8) | 29 (17.2) | 0.20 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.0 ± 5.8 | 27.0 ± 4.6 | 0.98 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 93.1 ± 12.7 | 93.7 ± 11.7 | 0.66 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 12.1 ± 8.4 | 12.4 ± 8.2 | 0.75 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 0.22 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 0.82 |
Hypertension | 87 (51.8) | 104 (61.5) | 0.07 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.0 ± 14.5 | 134.5 ± 17.4 | 0.39 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.7 ± 10.0 | 79.1 ± 11.0 | 0.23 |
Dyslipidemia | 106 (63.1) | 121 (71.6) | 0.10 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.95 ± 0.74 | 4.93 ± 0.82 | 0.80 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.88 ± 0.69 | 2.89 ± 0.66 | 0.87 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.36 | 1.37 ± 0.31 | 0.21 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.20 [0.93, 1.78] | 1.45 [1.00, 1.89] | 0.049 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 28 (16.9) | 33 (19.0) | 0.60 |
Diabetic nephropathy | 48 (28.6) | 52 (30.8) | 0.72 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 80.8 ± 20.9 | 81.9 ± 24.1 | 0.66 |
Urinary albumin excretion (mg/g/cre) | 13.0 [6.3, 37.0] | 17.4 [5.8, 67.9] | 0.54 |
Use of glucose-lowering agents | 152 (90.5) | 151 (89.3) | 0.86 |
Metformin | 91 (54.2) | 99 (58.6) | 0.44 |
Sulfonylurea | 38 (22.6) | 43 (25.4) | 0.61 |
Glinides | 10 (6.0) | 10 (5.9) | 1.00 |
Thiazolidinediones | 18 (10.7) | 23 (13.6) | 0.51 |
α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 24 (14.3) | 25 (14.8) | 1.00 |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 74 (44.4) | 94 (55.6) | 0.039 |
GLP-1 receptor agonists | 23 (13.7) | 12 (7.1) | 0.05 |
Insulins | 35 (20.8) | 36 (21.3) | 1.00 |
Use of antihypertensive drugs | 79 (47.0) | 95 (56.2) | 0.10 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 3 (1.8) | 5 (3.0) | 0.72 |
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 63 (37.5) | 83 (49.1) | 0.037 |
Direct renin inhibitor | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.25 |
Calcium channel blocker | 47 (28.0) | 54 (32.0) | 0.48 |
Diuretic drugs | 8 (4.8) | 14 (8.3) | 0.27 |
α-Adrenergic receptor antagonist | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.25 |
β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist | 3 (1.8) | 3 (1.8) | 1.00 |
Others | 5 (3.0) | 10 (5.9) | 0.29 |
Use of lipid-lowering agents | 82 (48.8) | 99 (58.6) | 0.08 |
Statins | 73 (43.5) | 83 (49.1) | 0.33 |
Ezetimibe | 10 (6.0) | 11 (6.5) | 1.00 |
Resins | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1.00 |
Fibrates | 8 (4.8) | 6 (3.6) | 0.60 |
Use of antithrombotic agents | 17 (10.1) | 14 (8.3) | 0.58 |
Antiplatelet agents | 15 (8.9) | 10 (5.9) | 0.31 |
Anticoagulants | 2 (1.2) | 4 (2.4) | 0.68 |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |