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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in both treatment groups

From: Evaluation of the effect of tofogliflozin on the tissue characteristics of the carotid wall—a sub-analysis of the UTOPIA trial

Parameters

Tofogliflozin group (n = 168)

Conventional group (n = 169)

P value

Sex (males) (%)

98 (58.3)

98 (58.0)

0.95

Age (years)

61.4 ± 9.3

60.8 ± 9.7

0.60

Current smoking

38 (22.8)

29 (17.2)

0.20

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.0 ± 5.8

27.0 ± 4.6

0.98

Waist circumference (cm)

93.1 ± 12.7

93.7 ± 11.7

0.66

Duration of diabetes (years)

12.1 ± 8.4

12.4 ± 8.2

0.75

HbA1c (%)

7.4 ± 0.7

7.3 ± 0.7

0.22

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

7.8 ± 1.7

7.9 ± 1.8

0.82

Hypertension

87 (51.8)

104 (61.5)

0.07

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

133.0 ± 14.5

134.5 ± 17.4

0.39

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.7 ± 10.0

79.1 ± 11.0

0.23

Dyslipidemia

106 (63.1)

121 (71.6)

0.10

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.95 ± 0.74

4.93 ± 0.82

0.80

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.88 ± 0.69

2.89 ± 0.66

0.87

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.42 ± 0.36

1.37 ± 0.31

0.21

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.20 [0.93, 1.78]

1.45 [1.00, 1.89]

0.049

Diabetic retinopathy

28 (16.9)

33 (19.0)

0.60

Diabetic nephropathy

48 (28.6)

52 (30.8)

0.72

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

80.8 ± 20.9

81.9 ± 24.1

0.66

Urinary albumin excretion (mg/g/cre)

13.0 [6.3, 37.0]

17.4 [5.8, 67.9]

0.54

Use of glucose-lowering agents

152 (90.5)

151 (89.3)

0.86

Metformin

91 (54.2)

99 (58.6)

0.44

Sulfonylurea

38 (22.6)

43 (25.4)

0.61

Glinides

10 (6.0)

10 (5.9)

1.00

Thiazolidinediones

18 (10.7)

23 (13.6)

0.51

α-Glucosidase inhibitor

24 (14.3)

25 (14.8)

1.00

DPP-4 inhibitors

74 (44.4)

94 (55.6)

0.039

GLP-1 receptor agonists

23 (13.7)

12 (7.1)

0.05

Insulins

35 (20.8)

36 (21.3)

1.00

Use of antihypertensive drugs

79 (47.0)

95 (56.2)

0.10

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

3 (1.8)

5 (3.0)

0.72

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

63 (37.5)

83 (49.1)

0.037

Direct renin inhibitor

2 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

0.25

Calcium channel blocker

47 (28.0)

54 (32.0)

0.48

Diuretic drugs

8 (4.8)

14 (8.3)

0.27

α-Adrenergic receptor antagonist

2 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

0.25

β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist

3 (1.8)

3 (1.8)

1.00

Others

5 (3.0)

10 (5.9)

0.29

Use of lipid-lowering agents

82 (48.8)

99 (58.6)

0.08

Statins

73 (43.5)

83 (49.1)

0.33

Ezetimibe

10 (6.0)

11 (6.5)

1.00

Resins

0 (0.0)

1 (0.6)

1.00

Fibrates

8 (4.8)

6 (3.6)

0.60

Use of antithrombotic agents

17 (10.1)

14 (8.3)

0.58

Antiplatelet agents

15 (8.9)

10 (5.9)

0.31

Anticoagulants

2 (1.2)

4 (2.4)

0.68

Others

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

  1. Data are presented as number (%) of patients or mean ± SD values or median [25th and 75th percentiles] values
  2. HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, SD standard deviation, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1