Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants according to the fasting plasma glucose variability (coefficient of variation)
| Â | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CV range (%) | 4.32 ± 1.47 | 8.02 ± 0.93 | 11.53 ± 1.16 | 19.61 ± 8.74 | < 0.001 |
N | 38,246 | 38,219 | 38,231 | 38,235 | Â |
Age (years) | 55.83 ± 8.77 | 54.93 ± 8.34 | 55.08 ± 8.46 | 56.13 ± 8.95 | < 0.001 |
Sex (male) (n, %) | 19,959 (52.19) | 22,325 (58.41) | 23,421 (61.26) | 24,928 (65.2) | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.82 ± 2.76 | 23.85 ± 2.81 | 23.85 ± 2.81 | 23.87 ± 2.89 | 0.208 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.35 ± 15.48 | 124.55 ± 15.48 | 125.08 ± 15.48 | 126.6 ± 15.84 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.44 ± 10.1 | 77.83 ± 10.13 | 78.27 ± 10.2 | 79.04 ± 10.24 | < 0.001 |
AST (IU/L) | 25.39 ± 14.34 | 25.67 ± 14.08 | 26 ± 13.53 | 26.93 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 24.08 ± 18.59 | 24.58 ± 18.82 | 24.82 ± 18.29 | 25.46 ± 19.47 | < 0.001 |
GGT (IU/L) | 33.45 ± 41.02 | 35.88 ± 44.34 | 37.61 ± 46.57 | 41.42 ± 54.19 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 198.34 ± 35.37 | 198.26 ± 35.74 | 198.5 ± 35.89 | 198.8 ± 36.71 | 0.166 |
Mean FPG (mmol/L) | 5.11 ± 0.51 | 5.08 ± 0.50 | 5.08 ± 0.49 | 5.31 ± 0.84 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status (n, %) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Non-smoker | 26,256 (68.65) | 25,178 (65.88) | 24,528 (64.16) | 23,518 (61.51) |  |
 Ex-smoker | 3497 (9.14) | 3525 (9.22) | 3439 (9) | 3209 (8.39) |  |
 Current smoker | 5574 (14.57) | 6591 (17.25) | 7250 (18.96) | 8658 (22.64) |  |
 Unknown | 2919 (7.63) | 2925 (7.65) | 3014 (7.88) | 2850 (7.45) |  |
Alcohol consumption (n, %) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Non-drinker | 27,831 (72.77) | 26,956 (70.53) | 26,367 (68.97) | 25,799 (67.47) |  |
 Drinker | 9295 (24.3) | 10,277 (26.89) | 10,892 (28.49) | 11,640 (30.44) |  |
 Unknown | 1,120 (2.93) | 986 (2.58) | 972 (2.54) | 796 (2.08) |  |
Regular exercise (n, %) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 None | 16,582 (43.36) | 16,787 (43.92) | 17,246 (45.11) | 18,412 (48.15) |  |
 Regular exercise | 20,531 (53.68) | 20,366 (53.29) | 20,015 (52.35) | 18,983 (49.65) |  |
 Unknown | 1133 (2.96) | 1066 (2.79) | 970 (2.54) | 840 (2.2) |  |
Income (lower 20%) | 4738 (12.39) | 5130 (13.42) | 5577 (14.59) | 6387 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
IFG (%) | 8465 (22.13) | 9249 (24.2) | 10,958 (28.66) | 14,758 (38.6) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 13,977 (36.54) | 13,829 (36.18) | 14,216 (37.18) | 15,796 (41.31) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 7707 (20.15) | 7551 (19.76) | 7643 (19.99) | 7933 (20.75) | 0.005 |
History of stroke | 200 (0.52) | 173 (0.45) | 187 (0.49) | 215 (0.56) | 0.172 |
History of chronic kidney disease | 135 (0.35) | 101 (0.26) | 121 (0.32) | 119 (0.31) | 0.179 |
History of coronary artery disease | 396 (1.04) | 403 (1.05) | 356 (0.93) | 433 (1.13) | 0.053 |
History of congestive heart failure | 38 (0.1) | 37 (0.1) | 41 (0.11) | 57 (0.15) | 0.110 |
Use of anti-hypertension medication | 14,441 (37.76) | 14,002 (36.64) | 14,023 (36.68) | 15,298 (40.01) | < 0.001 |
Use of anti-dyslipidemia agent | 4968 (12.99) | 4774 (12.49) | 4688 (12.26) | 5053 (13.22) | < 0.001 |