From: Interaction between smoking and diabetes in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular events
Category | Person-years | Cases | HR (95% CI)a |
---|---|---|---|
No diabetes | 351,096 | 2134 | 1.00 [Ref.] |
Diabetes | |||
 Individual cardiovascular risk factor management | |||
  Optimal fruits and vegetables intake | 44,791 | 485 | 1.33 (1.20–1.47) |
  Optimal physical activity | 71,765 | 898 | 1.43 (1.32–1.55) |
  HbA1c < 6.5% | 35,669 | 391 | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) |
  SBP/DBP < 130/80 mmHg | 29,104 | 221 | 1.12 (0.97–1.28) |
  LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dL | 37,126 | 397 | 1.28 (1.15–1.43) |
  No CKD | 100,376 | 1154 | 1.39 (1.29–1.50) |
 Overall cardiovascular risk factor management | |||
  2 or fewer controlled risk factors | 34,699 | 542 | 1.79 (1.62–1.97) |
  3 controlled risk factors | 34,582 | 428 | 1.50 (1.35–1.67) |
  4 controlled risk factors | 24,629 | 238 | 1.25 (1.09–1.43) |
  5 or more controlled risk factors | 10,720 | 80 | 1.02 (0.81–1.27) |