Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to smoking status
From: Interaction between smoking and diabetes in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular events
Characteristic | Current smokers | Former smokers | Never smokers | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quit for < 4 years | Quit for 4- < 8 years | Quit for ≥  8 years | |||
Number of participants | 19,397 | 2405 | 848 | 2796 | 100,735 |
Age, year | 55.8 (8.6) | 58.2 (8.9) | 59.4 (8.5) | 60.7 (9.1) | 56.4 (9.0) |
Men, n (%) | 18,230 (94.0) | 2247 (93.4) | 800 (94.3) | 2684 (96.0) | 19,609 (19.5) |
High school or further education, n (%) | 6761 (34.9) | 953 (39.6) | 372 (43.9) | 1237 (44.2) | 36,787 (36.5) |
Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 2310 (11.9) | 305 (12.7) | 104 (12.3) | 370 (13.2) | 13,292 (13.2) |
Family history of CVD, n (%) | 2575 (13.3) | 332 (13.8) | 137 (16.2) | 416 (14.9) | 17,491 (17.4) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 (3.5) | 25.0 (3.5) | 25.3 (3.5) | 25.3 (3.6) | 24.6 (3.6) |
Passive smoking exposure in childhood, n (%) | 11,708 (60.4) | 1450 (60.3) | 491 (57.9) | 1642 (58.7) | 45,019 (44.7) |
Passive smoking exposure in adulthood, n (%) | 7536 (38.9) | 770 (32.0) | 249 (29.4) | 886 (31.7) | 36,188 (35.9) |
Fruits and vegetables intake, cup/day | 3.9 (3.6) | 4.2 (4.0) | 4.7 (6.5) | 5.2 (26.9) | 4.2 (5.6) |
Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
 Active | 11,474 (59.2) | 1609 (66.9) | 607 (71.6) | 2078 (74.3) | 65,414 (64.9) |
 Insufficiently active | 7425 (38.3) | 734 (30.5) | 224 (26.4) | 671 (24.0) | 32,590 (32.4) |
 Inactive | 498 (2.6) | 62 (2.6) | 17 (2.0) | 47 (1.7) | 2731 (2.7) |
 Alcohol consumption, g/day | 24.8 (45.1) | 21.3 (44.6) | 20.1 (40.7) | 18.3 (36.2) | 2.3 (13.7) |
Glucose profile | |||||
 Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 108.6 (32.4) | 112.0 (33.2) | 114.4 (33.0) | 113.3 (34.2) | 106.6 (28.6) |
 OGTT-2 h glucose, mg/dL | 143.9 (73.9) | 154.7 (76.5) | 164.5 (77.3) | 160.0 (78.6) | 147.8 (66.8) |
 HbA1c, % | 6.0 (1.1) | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.2 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.0) |
Blood pressure | |||||
 SBP, mm Hg | 132.9 (20.0) | 136.3 (20.3) | 136.9 (18.7) | 136.7 (20.0) | 132.6 (20.9) |
 DBP, mm Hg | 79.8 (11.5) | 80.7 (11.3) | 81.6 (11.2) | 80.8 (11.2) | 78.0 (11.0) |
Lipid profile | |||||
 LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 108.1 (32.3) | 108.4 (33.1) | 105.7 (33.3) | 108.5 (33.6) | 112.2 (34.2) |
 HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 49.3 (15.0) | 48.3 (14.1) | 47.5 (14.7) | 47.6 (13.1) | 52.5 (13.8) |
 Triglycerides, mg/dL | 158.6 (132.8) | 154.4 (120.5) | 157.9 (130.4) | 148.5 (109.5) | 142.0 (103.4) |
 Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.3 (42.2) | 186.4 (44.0) | 182.6 (43.4) | 185.0 (44.1) | 193.5 (44.2) |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 95.6 (13.2) | 92.7 (14.3) | 91.1 (14.9) | 89.8 (15.2) | 93.6 (13.4) |