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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Interaction between smoking and diabetes in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular events

Fig. 1

Association of current smoking and smoking cessation with CVD events among participants with and without diabetes. A. Number of participants included in the analysis: 19,397 current smokers and 100,735 never smokers. Light smokers (n = 3020) referred to participants who smoked < 10 cigarettes per day, moderate smokers (n = 5051) referred to participants who smoked 10- < 20 cigarettes per day, and heavy smokers (n = 11,326) referred to participants who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes per day. HRs (95% CIs) and P value were adjusted for age, sex, education attainment (less than high school, high school or further education), family history of diabetes (yes, no), family history of CVD (yes, no), fruits and vegetables intake (< 4.5 cup/day, ≥ 4.5 cup/day), physical activity (active, insufficiently active, inactive), alcohol consumption, hypertension (yes, no), dyslipidemia (yes, no), baseline BMI, BMI change during follow-up, and passive smoking exposure in childhood and adulthood. B. Number of participants included in the analysis: 6,049 former smokers and 19,397 current smokers. HRs (95% CIs) and P value were adjusted for the same set of variables as shown in Panel A.

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