Table 3 Hazard ratios for incident heart failure by variability of waist circumference in the look AHEAD study

VIM of Waist Circumference

 < 168.1

168.1–259.8

259.9–392.0

 > 392.0

–

–

 No Events/No at Risk

28/1019

33/1020

20/1017

39/1017

–

120/4073

 Rate/1000 person-years

4.3 (2.9–6.2)

5.0 (3.6–7.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.7)

5.9 (4.3–8.1)

4.6 (3.8–5.4)

 Model 1

Reference

1.22 (0.74–2.00)

0.76 (0.43–1.35)

1.46 (0.88–2.41)

0.335

1.14 (0.98–1.33)

 Model 2

Reference

1.34 (0.80–2.24)

0.90 (0.49–1.62)

1.90 (1.11–3.26)*

0.072

1.24 (1.08–1.42)†

 Model 3

Reference

1.29 (0.77–2.17)

0.87 (0.48–1.58)

1.74 (1.02–2.97)*

0.125

NA

CV of Waist Circumference, %

 < 1.87

1.87–2.89

2.90–4.44

 > 4.44

–

–

 No Events/No at Risk

34/1019

29/1020

19/1018

38/1016

–

120/4073

 Rate/1000 person-years

5.2 (3.7–7.3)

4.4 (3.0–6.3)

2.9 (1.8–4.5)

5.8 (4.2–7.9)

–

4.6 (3.8–5.4)

 Model 1

Reference

0.90 (0.55–1.47)

0.57 (0.32–1.01)

1.20 (0.74–1.96)

0.732

1.08 (0.91–1.29)

 Model 2

Reference

0.97 (0.58–1.61)

0.70 (0.39–1.26)

1.60 (0.95–2.71)

0.210

1.22 (1.03–1.45)*

 Model 3

Reference

0.96 (0.57–1.60)

0.76 (0.42–1.36)

1.79 (1.07–3.01)*

0.085

1.22 (1.05–1.42)†

SD of Waist Circumference, cm

 < 2.08

2.09–3.22

3.23–4.86

 > 4.86

–

–

 No Events/No at Risk

28/1019

33/1020

20/1017

39/1017

–

120/4073

 Rate/1000 person-years

4.3 (2.9–6.2)

5.0 (3.5–7.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.7)

5.9 (4.3–8.1)

–

4.6 (3.8–5.4)

 Model 1

Reference

1.22 (0.74–2.00)

0.76 (0.43–1.35)

1.46 (0.88–2.41)

0.337

1.15 (0.99–1.33)

 Model 2

Reference

1.34 (0.80–2.24)

0.90 (0.50–1.63)

1.90 (1.11–3.25)*

0.073

1.24 (1.09–1.42)†

 Model 3

Reference

1.29 (0.77–2.16)

0.87 (0.48–1.58)

1.73 (1.01–2.95)*

0.130

1.18 (1.04–1.35)*