Table 1 Participants’ characteristics according to quintiles of fetuin-A, n = 587
From: Fetuin-A and risk of diabetes-related vascular complications: a prospective study
Fetuin-A [g/L] | 1st quintile | 2nd quintile | 3rd quintile | 4th quintile | 5th quintile | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20 (0.04) | 0.24 (0.02) | 0.28 (0.01) | 0.31 (0.02) | 0.35 (0.04) | 0.28 (0.08) | |
Sociodemographics | ||||||
Age at recruitment, y | 55.0 (12.0) | 55.5 (10.0) | 56.0 (11.0) | 55.0 (11.0) | 54.0 (14.0) | 55.0 (12.0) |
Age at T2D diagnosis, y | 59.2 (11.8) | 60.4 (10.2) | 59.2 (10.6) | 57.8 (12.5) | 58.3 (13.2) | 59.0 (11.8) |
Duration of T2D, y | 11.8 (5.35) | 12.2 (4.61) | 12.3 (4.78) | 12.5 (5.43) | 13.5 (4.70) | 12.4 (5.17) |
Women, n (%) | 40 (34.2) | 48 (40.7) | 53 (45.3) | 49 (41.9) | 69 (58.5) | 259 (44.1) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.1 (4.92) | 29.8 (5.82) | 30.4 (4.90) | 29.8 (6.06) | 30.5 (6.94) | 29.9 (5.76) |
Obesity, n (%) | 44 (37.6) | 56 (47.5) | 63 (53.9) | 57 (48.7) | 67 (56.8) | 287 (48.9) |
Higher education (university or technical college), n (%) | 38 (32.5) | 39 (33.1) | 41 (35.0) | 35 (29.9) | 30 (25.4) | 183 (31.2) |
Physical activity, h/week | 1.52 (0.32) | 1.47 (0.32) | 1.47 (0.30) | 1.46 (0.28) | 1.42 (0.24) | 1.47 (0.29) |
Alcohol consumption, g/day | 11.1 (23.1) | 8.18 (17.4) | 9.67 (20.5) | 9.25 (25.0) | 6.32 (12.0) | 8.36 (18.5) |
Smoking | ||||||
Former smoker, n (%) | 40 (34.2) | 56 (47.5) | 47 (40.2) | 60 (51.3) | 51 (43.2) | 254 (43.3) |
Current smoker < 20 cigarettes/day | 19 (16.2) | 12 (10.2) | 15 (12.8) | 8 (6.8) | 13 (11.0) | 67 (11.4) |
Current smoker ≥ 20 cigarettes/day | 16 (13.7) | 11 (9.3) | 12 (10.3) | 11 (9.4) | 7 (5.9) | 57 (9.7) |
Prevalent hypertension, n (%) | 86 (73.5) | 85 (72.0) | 85 (72.7) | 88 (75.2) | 86 (72.9) | 430 (73.3) |
Prevalent hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 48 (41.0) | 40 (33.9) | 49 (41.9) | 48 (41.0) | 52 (44.1) | 237 (40.4) |
Fatty liver index | 75.5 (47.6) | 78.4 (40.0) | 76.5 (34.8) | 81.7 (34.1) | 79.1 (34.9) | 78.2 (38.1) |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 92.8 (18.4) | 88.8 (20.7) | 89.3 (21.0) | 90.6 (20.5) | 92.3 (21.5) | 90.9 (20.4) |
Biomarkers | ||||||
HbA1c, % | 5.97 (0.83) | 6.17 (1.06) | 6.15 (1.01) | 6.18 (1.01) | 6.16 (1.14) | 6.12 (1.03) |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 41.7 (2.91) | 43.9 (3.12) | 43.7 (3.07) | 44.0 (3.07) | 43.8 (3.19) | 43.4 (11.3) |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 205 (68.1) | 209 (56.9) | 220 (46.9) | 216 (47.0) | 212 (47.0) | 213 (52.3) |
Non-HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 158 (65.7) | 161 (53.7) | 168 (36.6) | 168 (44.9) | 167 (42.8) | 166 (46.3) |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 180 (215) | 165 (92.8) | 168 (116) | 180 (106) | 167 (103) | 170 (123.2) |
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 42.2 (15.3) | 45.6 (13.6) | 46.2 (12.3) | 47.2 (12.2) | 47.7 (12.3) | 46.1 (13.7) |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.15 (0.32) | 0.19 (0.28) | 0.21 (0.43) | 0.20 (0.31) | 0.23 (0.43) | 0.19 (0.36) |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.87 (0.22) | 0.87 (0.26) | 0.86 (0.23) | 0.84 (0.27) | 0.81 (0.20) | 0.85 (0.25) |
Adiponectin, µg/mL | 5.07 (3.52) | 5.25 (2.85) | 5.54 (3.34) | 5.35 (3.29) | 5.70 (3.82) | 5.37 (3.35) |