Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by physical activity groups and diabetes status
Physical activity | Total | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mainly sedentary | Once/week | 2–4times/week | 5–6times/week | Everyday | ||||
Number of patients | N | 7229 | 3604 | 7156 | 23,89 | 10,934 | 31,312 | |
Baseline SBP | Mean (SD) | 141.8 (17.2) | 141.9 (17.2) | 141.7 (17.3) | 141.0 (17.2) | 141.5 (17.3) | 141.6 (17.3) | 0.23 |
Baseline DBP | Mean (SD) | 82.0 (10.5) | 82.4 (10.1) | 82.3 (10.3) | 82.0 (10.3) | 81.8 (10.3) | 82.0 (10.3) | 0.0059 |
Baseline RHR | Mean (SD) | 70.2 (11.9) | 69.2 (12.3) | 67.3 (12.0) | 66.1 (12.5) | 67.2 (12.1) | 68.1 (12.1) | <0.0001 |
Baseline eGFR (MDRD) | Mean (SD) | 71.4 (21.9) | 73.5 (20.5) | 74.2 (19.1) | 74.6 (18.6) | 74.1 (19.4) | 73.4 (20.0) | <0.0001 |
Baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI) | Mean (SD) | 68.3 (18.6) | 70.8 (17.9) | 71.6 (16.6) | 72.0 (16.5) | 71.3 (16.7) | 70.7 (17.3) | <0.0001 |
Age | Mean (SD) | 67.3 (7.7) | 66.2 (7.4) | 66.0 (6.9) | 66.2 (6.9) | 66.5 (7.0) | 66.5 (7.2) | <0.0001 |
Age group | <0.0001 | |||||||
<65 years | N (%) | 2823 (39.1%) | 1615 (44.8%) | 3215 (44.9%) | 1023 (42.8%) | 4599 (42.1%) | 13,275 (42.4%) | |
≥ 65–< 75 years | N (%) | 3023 (41.8%) | 1454 (40.3%) | 3029 (42.3%) | 1058 (44.3%) | 4768 (43.6%) | 13,332 (42.6%) | |
≥ 75 years | N (%) | 1383 (19.1%) | 535 (14.8%) | 912 (12.7%) | 308 (12.9%) | 1567 (14.3%) | 4705 (15.0%) | |
Sex | <0.0001 | |||||||
Male | N (%) | 4320 (59.8%) | 2496 (69.3%) | 5176 (72.3%) | 1807 (75.6%) | 8205 (75.0%) | 22,004 (70.3%) | |
Female | N (%) | 2909 (40.2%) | 1108 (30.7%) | 1980 (27.7%) | 582 (24.4%) | 2729 (25.0%) | 9308 (29.7%) | |
Body mass index [kg/m2] | Mean (SD) | 28.9 (5.5) | 28.5 (5.0) | 28.4 (4.6) | 28.0 (4.3) | 27.5 (4.3) | 28.2 (4.8) | <0.0001 |
Obese | N (%) | 2749 (38.0%) | 1260 (35.0%) | 2405 (33.6%) | 693 (29.0%) | 3162 (28.9%) | 10,269 (32.8%) | <0.0001 |
Alcohol consumption | N (%) | 2260 (31.3%) | 1270 (35.2%) | 3164 (44.2%) | 1084 (45.4%) | 4324 (39.5%) | 12,102 (38.6%) | <0.0001 |
Tobaccouse, decode | <0.0001 | |||||||
Current | N (%) | 1038 (14.4%) | 533 (14.8%) | 836 (11.7%) | 212 (8.9%) | 1162 (10.6%) | 3781 (12.1%) | |
Formerly | N (%) | 3066 (42.4%) | 1693 (47.0%) | 3794 (53.0%) | 1329 (55.6%) | 5858 (53.6%) | 15,740 (50.3%) | |
Never | N (%) | 3125 (43.2%) | 1378 (38.2%) | 2526 (35.3%) | 848 (35.5%) | 3914 (35.8%) | 11,791 (37.7%) | |
History of hypertension | N (%) | 5507 (76.2%) | 2566 (71.2%) | 4926 (68.8%) | 1583 (66.3%) | 7401 (67.7%) | 21,983 (70.2%) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes | N (%) | 3124 (43.2%) | 1429 (39.7%) | 2539 (35.5%) | 774 (32.4%) | 3782 (34.6%) | 11,648 (37.2%) | <0.0001 |
Myocardial infarction | N (%) | 3173 (43.9%) | 1756 (48.7%) | 3575 (50.0%) | 1273 (53.3%) | 5419 (49.6%) | 15,196 (48.5%) | <0.0001 |
Stroke/TIA | N (%) | 1885 (26.1%) | 667 (18.5%) | 1277 (17.8%) | 394 (16.5%) | 2359 (21.6%) | 6582 (21.0%) | <0.0001 |
Medication | ||||||||
Aspirin | N (%) | 5094 (70.5%) | 2659 (73.8%) | 5521 (77.2%) | 1903 (79.7%) | 8494 (77.7%) | 23,671 (75.6%) | <0.0001 |
Beta-blockers | N (%) | 3770 (52.2%) | 2111 (58.6%) | 4292 (60.0%) | 1482 (62.0%) | 6262 (57.3%) | 17,917 (57.2%) | <0.0001 |
Diuretics | N (%) | 2617 (36.2%) | 1112 (30.9%) | 1956 (27.3%) | 612 (25.6%) | 2751 (25.2%) | 9048 (28.9%) | <0.0001 |
Nitrates | N (%) | 2234 (30.9%) | 1144 (31.7%) | 1944 (27.2%) | 708 (29.6%) | 3455 (31.6%) | 9485 (30.3%) | <0.0001 |
Other Ca2+ channel blockers | N (%) | 1952 (27.0%) | 866 (24.0%) | 1694 (23.7%) | 538 (22.5%) | 2819 (25.8%) | 7869 (25.1%) | <0.0001 |
Oral hypoglycemic agents | N (%) | 2150 (29.7%) | 928 (25.7%) | 1665 (23.3%) | 525 (22.0%) | 2523 (23.1%) | 7791 (24.9%) | <0.0001 |
Insulin | N (%) | 879 (12.2%) | 416 (11.5%) | 674 (9.4%) | 158 (6.6%) | 921 (8.4%) | 3048 (9.7%) | <0.0001 |
Statins | N (%) | 3794 (52.5%) | 2083 (57.8%) | 4671 (65.3%) | 1582 (66.2%) | 6781 (62.0%) | 18,911 (60.4%) | <0.0001 |
Number of antihypertensives | <0.0001 | |||||||
0 | N (%) | 1669 (23.1%) | 801 (22.2%) | 1652 (23.1%) | 526 (22.0%) | 2591 (23.7%) | 7239 (23.1%) | |
1 | N (%) | 3249 (44.9%) | 1699 (47.1%) | 3442 (48.1%) | 1196 (50.1%) | 5328 (48.7%) | 14,914 (47.6%) | |
2 | N (%) | 1843 (25.5%) | 922 (25.6%) | 1686 (23.6%) | 565 (23.7%) | 2541 (23.2%) | 7557 (24.1%) | |
3 | N (%) | 468 (6.5%) | 182 (5.0%) | 376 (5.3%) | 102 (4.3%) | 474 (4.3%) | 1602 (5.1%) | |
No diabetes—physical activity | Diabetes—physical activity | p-value No diabetes vs diabetes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤Once/week | 2-6times/week | Everyday | Total | p-value | ≤Once/week | 2-6times/week | Everyday | Total | p-value | |
6280 | 6232 | 7152 | 19664 | 4553 | 3313 | 3782 | 11648 | |||
140.8 (17.2) | 140.3 (17.4) | 140.6 (17.6) | 140.6 (17.4) | 0.20 | 143.2 (17.0) | 143.8 (16.9) | 143.4 (16.6) | 143.4 (16.9) | 0.27 | <0.0001 |
82.4 (10.3) | 82.2 (10.4) | 82.0 (10.4) | 82.2 (10.4) | 0.17 | 81.8 (10.4) | 82.3 (10.2) | 81.4 (10.1) | 81.8 (10.3) | 0.0005 | 0.0017 |
68.2 (11.8) | 65.5 (12.0) | 65.6 (11.7) | 66.4 (11.9) | <0.0001 | 72.1 (12.1) | 69.8 (12.0) | 70.2 (12.1) | 70.8 (12.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
72.7 (20.6) | 74.6 (18.0) | 74.0 (18.2) | 73.7 (18.9) | <0.0001 | 71.3 (22.6) | 73.8 (20.7) | 74.2 (21.5) | 72.9 (21.7) | <0.0001 | 0.0005 |
69.7 (17.6) | 72.1 (15.9) | 71.3 (16.0) | 71.0 (16.5) | <0.0001 | 68.5 (19.5) | 71.1 (17.8) | 71.2 (18.1) | 70.1 (18.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
67.3 (7.9) | 66.1 (7.1) | 66.7 (7.2) | 66.7 (7.4) | <0.0001 | 66.4 (7.2) | 65.9 (6.6) | 66.1 (6.8) | 66.2 (6.9) | 0.0020 | <0.0001 |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
2515 (40.0%) | 2758 (44.3%) | 2954 (41.3%) | 8227 (41.8%) | 1923 (42.2%) | 1480 (44.7%) | 1645 (43.5%) | 5048 (43.3%) | |||
2524 (40.2%) | 2625 (42.1%) | 3097 (43.3%) | 8246 (41.9%) | 1953 (42.9%) | 1462 (44.1%) | 1671 (44.2%) | 5086 (43.7%) | |||
1241 (19.8%) | 849 (13.6%) | 1101 (15.4%) | 3191 (16.2%) | 677 (14.9%) | 371 (11.2%) | 466 (12.3%) | 1514 (13.0%) | |||
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
4188 (66.7%) | 4779 (76.7%) | 5580 (78.0%) | 14,547 (74.0%) | 2628 (57.7%) | 2204 (66.5%) | 2625 (69.4%) | 7457 (64.0%) | |||
2092 (33.3%) | 1453 (23.3%) | 1572 (22.0%) | 5117 (26.0%) | 1925 (42.3%) | 1109 (33.5%) | 1157 (30.6%) | 4191 (36.0%) | |||
27.9 (4.8) | 27.6 (4.1) | 27.0 (3.9) | 27.5 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 30.0 (5.7) | 29.4 (4.9) | 28.4 (4.9) | 29.3 (5.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
1877 (29.9%) | 1677 (26.9%) | 1704 (23.8%) | 5258 (26.7%) | <0.0001 | 2132 (46.8%) | 1421 (42.9%) | 1458 (38.6%) | 5011 (43.0%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
2333 (37.1%) | 3091 (49.6%) | 3198 (44.7%) | 8622 (43.8%) | <0.0001 | 1197 (26.3%) | 1157 (34.9%) | 1126 (29.8%) | 3480 (29.9%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
1022 (16.3%) | 719 (11.5%) | 800 (11.2%) | 2541 (12.9%) | 549 (12.1%) | 329 (9.9%) | 362 (9.6%) | 1240 (10.6%) | |||
2913 (46.4%) | 3474 (55.7%) | 3968 (55.5%) | 10,355 (52.7%) | 1846 (40.5%) | 1649 (49.8%) | 1890 (50.0%) | 5385 (46.2%) | |||
2345 (37.3%) | 2039 (32.7%) | 2384 (33.3%) | 6768 (34.4%) | 2158 (47.4%) | 1335 (40.3%) | 1530 (40.5%) | 5023 (43.1%) | |||
4337 (69.1%) | 3872 (62.1%) | 4457 (62.3%) | 12,666 (64.4%) | <0.0001 | 3736 (82.1%) | 2637 (79.6%) | 2944 (77.8%) | 9317 (80.0%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
3303 (52.6%) | 3538 (56.8%) | 3958 (55.3%) | 10,799 (54.9%) | <0.0001 | 1626 (35.7%) | 1310 (39.5%) | 1461 (38.6%) | 4397 (37.7%) | 0.0010 | <0.0001 |
1668 (26.6%) | 1167 (18.7%) | 1649 (23.1%) | 4484 (22.8%) | <0.0001 | 884 (19.4%) | 504 (15.2%) | 710 (18.8%) | 2098 (18.0%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
4726 (75.3%) | 5142 (82.5%) | 5822 (81.4%) | 15,690 (79.8%) | <0.0001 | 3027 (66.5%) | 2282 (68.9%) | 2672 (70.7%) | 7981 (68.5%) | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
3676 (58.5%) | 3992 (64.1%) | 4307 (60.2%) | 11,975 (60.9%) | <0.0001 | 2205 (48.4%) | 1782 (53.8%) | 1955 (51.7%) | 5942 (51.0%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
1867 (29.7%) | 1398 (22.4%) | 1540 (21.5%) | 4805 (24.4%) | <0.0001 | 1862 (40.9%) | 1170 (35.3%) | 1211 (32.0%) | 4243 (36.4%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
2017 (32.1%) | 1775 (28.5%) | 2316 (32.4%) | 6108 (31.1%) | <0.0001 | 1361 (29.9%) | 877 (26.5%) | 1139 (30.1%) | 3377 (29.0%) | 0.0008 | 0.0001 |
1485 (23.6%) | 1298 (20.8%) | 1681 (23.5%) | 4464 (22.7%) | 0.0001 | 1333 (29.3%) | 934 (28.2%) | 1138 (30.1%) | 3405 (29.2%) | 0.21 | <0.0001 |
1 (0.0%) | 3 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 5 (0.0%) | NA | 3077 (67.6%) | 2187 (66.0%) | 2522 (66.7%) | 7786 (66.8%) | 0.33 | NA |
NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1295 (28.4%) | 832 (25.1%) | 921 (24.4%) | 3048 (26.2%) | <0.0001 | NA |
3593 (57.2%) | 4306 (69.1%) | 4717 (66.0%) | 12,616 (64.2%) | <0.0001 | 2284 (50.2%) | 1947 (58.8%) | 2064 (54.6%) | 6295 (54.0%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
<0.0001 | 0.14 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
1397 (22.2%) | 1403 (22.5%) | 1648 (23.0%) | 4448 (22.6%) | 1073 (23.6%) | 775 (23.4%) | 943 (24.9%) | 2791 (24.0%) | |||
3032 (48.3%) | 3213 (51.6%) | 3717 (52.0%) | 9962 (50.7%) | 1916 (42.1%) | 1425 (43.0%) | 1611 (42.6%) | 4952 (42.5%) | |||
1557 (24.8%) | 1373 (22.0%) | 1550 (21.7%) | 4480 (22.8%) | 1208 (26.5%) | 878 (26.5%) | 991 (26.2%) | 3077 (26.4%) | |||
294 (4.7%) | 243 (3.9%) | 237 (3.3%) | 774 (3.9%) | 356 (7.8%) | 235 (7.1%) | 237 (6.3%) | 828 (7.1%) | |||