J-curve relationship between long term glycemic control and mortality in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Table 3 Hazard ratios and 95% CIs of mortality according to the glycated hemoglobin level

HbA1c group	Unadjusted HR			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
HbA1c group	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value	HR	95% CI	p value
6.5% < HbA1c ≤ 7.0%	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
HbA1c ≤ 6.5%	2.17	1.11–4.24	0.024	2.16	1.1–4.24	0.025	2.09	1.02–3.88	0.043	2.00	1.02–3.95	0.045
7.0% < HbA1c ≤ 7.5%	1.61	0.8–3.27	0.183	1.68	0.83–3.41	0.150	1.67	0.82–3.39	0.156	1.38	0.67–2.82	0.381
7.5% < HbA1c ≤ 8.0%	1.65	0.79–3.43	0.181	2.01	0.96–4.21	0.064	2.11	1–4.43	0.049	2.05	0.97–4.33	0.059
HbA1c > 8.0%	2.64	1.44–4.85	0.002	3.60	1.93–6.72	< 0.001	3.51	1.88–6.56	< 0.001	3.35	1.78–6.29	< 0.001

Model 1: Hazard ratios categorized HbA1c adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index. Model 2: Hazard ratios categorized HbA1c adjusted by model 1 plus systolic blood pressure, hypertension, current smoke, chronic kidney disease, and previous stroke. Model 3: Hazard ratios categorized HbA1c adjusted by model 2 plus the type of myocardial infarction, left ventricular ejection fraction, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, GRACE score, and complete revascularization. The C-index of models was 0.764 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.723–0.805), 0.800 (95% CI 0.764–0.837), and 0.825 (95% CI 0.791–0.859) for models 1, 2, and 3, respectively
HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. reference

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