Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients according to the glycated hemoglobin level
|  | HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (N = 245) | 6.5% < HbA1c ≤ 7.0% (N = 273) | 7.0% < HbA1c ≤ 7.5% (N = 243) | 7.5% < HbA1c ≤ 8.0% (N = 206) | HbA1c > 8.0% (N = 417) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean HbA1c level | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 9.0 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
Number of HbA1c measurement | 5.0 [3.0, 7.0] | 4.0 [3.0, 6.0] | 5.0 [3.0, 6.0] | 4.0 [3.0, 6.0] | 4.0 [3.0, 6.0] | 0.05 |
Hb A1c measurement interval, days | 447 [272, 636] | 446 [340, 674] | 468 [351, 671] | 512 [368, 726] | 467 [344, 653] | 0.055 |
Mean follow-up period, years | 6.3 ± 2.3 | 6.5 ± 2.3 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 6.4 ± 2.5 | 0.798 |
Age (years) | 62.9 ± 10.8 | 60.9 ± 11.0 | 61.4 ± 11.2 | 59.5 ± 11.2 | 58.0 ± 11.2 | < 0.001 |
 Age ≥ 65 (%) | 113 (46.1) | 108 (39.6) | 109 (44.9) | 72 (35.0) | 121 (29.0) | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 179 (73.1) | 211 (77.3) | 185 (76.1) | 148 (71.8) | 289 (69.3) | 0.147 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 25.1 ± 3.1 | 25.2 ± 3.3 | 24.9 ± 3.2 | 24.7 ± 3.4 | 0.3 |
Diagnosis (%) | 0.24 | |||||
 STEMI | 128 (52.2) | 127 (46.5) | 122 (50.2) | 104 (50.5) | 184 (44.1) |  |
 NSTEMI | 117 (47.8) | 146 (53.5) | 121 (49.8) | 102 (49.5) | 233 (55.9) |  |
Cardiac arrest on arrival (%) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 0.553 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.9 ± 26.5 | 134.2 ± 27.1 | 131.5 ± 26.5 | 132.7 ± 27.1 | 130.4 ± 28.5 | 0.45 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.7 ± 16.0 | 80.5 ± 15.6 | 79.9 ± 17.2 | 80.2 ± 17.4 | 78.9 ± 17.0 | 0.749 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 79.1 ± 20.8 | 79.4 ± 18.5 | 80.2 ± 17.4 | 81.4 ± 18.0 | 82.2 ± 19.8 | 0.223 |
Killip class ≥ 3 (%) | 223 (91.0) | 252 (92.3) | 225 (92.6) | 182 (88.3) | 362 (86.8) | 0.063 |
Hypertension (%) | 168 (68.6) | 157 (57.5) | 143 (58.8) | 132 (64.1) | 228 (54.7) | 0.005 |
Dyslipidemia on drug treatment (%) | 40 (16.3) | 53 (19.4) | 42 (17.3) | 39 (18.9) | 70 (16.8) | 0.853 |
Current smoker (%) | 89 (36.3) | 115 (42.1) | 95 (39.1) | 76 (36.9) | 187 (44.8) | 0.157 |
History of MI (%) | 7 (2.9) | 4 (1.5) | 10 (4.1) | 8 (3.9) | 14 (3.4) | 0.432 |
History of PCI (%) | 17 (6.9) | 15 (5.5) | 13 (5.3) | 16 (7.8) | 20 (4.8) | 0.572 |
History of stroke (%) | 23 (9.4) | 24 (8.8) | 14 (5.8) | 6 (2.9) | 25 (6.0) | 0.037 |
History of cancer (%) | 8 (3.3) | 10 (3.7) | 4 (1.6) | 7 (3.4) | 9 (2.2) | 0.545 |
LV EF, % | 53.4 ± 11.0 | 53.3 ± 11.0 | 54.4 ± 10.4 | 53.4 ± 11.0 | 51.3 ± 10.5 | 0.003 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 169.5 ± 41.2 | 173.7 ± 41.9 | 176.4 ± 42.2 | 179.5 ± 45.3 | 182.0 ± 46.6 | 0.008 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 129.9 ± 104.5 | 141.6 ± 96.5 | 153.2 ± 118.6 | 156.1 ± 113.3 | 161.1 ± 141.2 | 0.013 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 40.3 ± 10.3 | 39.8 ± 10.4 | 39.6 ± 11.6 | 39.5 ± 8.9 | 39.4 ± 9.4 | 0.866 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105.3 ± 35.6 | 108.9 ± 36.3 | 108.6 ± 35.2 | 112.1 ± 39.8 | 113.5 ± 39.2 | 0.09 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73Â m2) | 73.3 [55.1, 91.9] | 81.6 [63.1, 95.8] | 81.0 [60.3, 97.1] | 78.5 [61.4, 97.8] | 79.9 [59.2, 99.9] | 0.015 |
 Dialysis (%) | 8 (3.3) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.5) | 9 (2.2) | 0.237 |
 eGFR ≤ 30 (%) | 21 (8.6) | 18 (6.6) | 18 (7.4) | 9 (4.4) | 27 (6.5) | 0.495 |
 30 < eGFR ≤ 60 (%) | 53 (21.6) | 38 (13.9) | 42 (17.3) | 38 (18.4) | 77 (18.5) | 0.244 |
GRACE score | 139.0 [116.0, 156.0] | 133.0 [112.0, 153.0] | 135.0 [107.5, 158.0] | 126.0 [109.0, 150.8] | 133.0 [112.0, 153.0] | 0.251 |
GNRI | 97.8 ± 8.6 | 99.7 ± 16.9 | 97.9 ± 7.7 | 97.4 ± 8.2 | 96.3 ± 8.1 | 0.002a |
Discharge medication | Â | |||||
 Aspirin (%) | 244 (99.6) | 266 (97.4) | 239 (98.4) | 205 (99.5) | 412 (98.8) | 0.204 |
 Clopidogrel (%) | 213 (86.9) | 237 (86.8) | 215 (88.5) | 181 (87.9) | 365 (87.5) | 0.98 |
 Potent P2Y12 inhibitor (%) | 31 (12.7) | 36 (13.2) | 28 (11.5) | 25 (12.1) | 52 (12.5) | 0.986 |
 Statin (%) | 219 (94.4) | 239 (96.8) | 216 (96.4) | 181 (94.3) | 375 (96.6) | 0.437 |
 Beta blocker (%) | 196 (92.9) | 238 (96.0) | 209 (94.1) | 179 (95.7) | 334 (93.3) | 0.487 |
 RAS blocker (%) | 161 (65.7) | 182 (66.7) | 167 (68.7) | 138 (67.0) | 305 (73.1) | 0.227 |
 Anticoagulation (%) | 6 (2.4) | 9 (3.3) | 8 (3.3) | 7 (3.4) | 11 (2.6) | 0.95 |
 Glucose-lowering treatment (%) | 128 (52.2%) | 172 (63.0%) | 144 (59.3%) | 143 (69.4%) | 294 (70.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Insulin (%) | 11 (4.5) | 19 (7.0) | 17 (7.0) | 21 (10.2) | 57 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
 Metformin (%) | 76 (31.1) | 117 (42.9) | 95 (39.3) | 105 (51.5) | 193 (46.6) | < 0.001 |
 Sulfonylurea (%) | 51 (20.8) | 74 (27.2) | 68 (28.1) | 75 (36.8) | 160 (38.6) | < 0.001 |
 Thiazolidinedione (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0.498 |
 DPP4 inhibitor (%) | 10 (4.1) | 17 (6.3) | 16 (6.6) | 13 (6.3) | 28 (6.8) | 0.699 |
 α-glucosidase (%) | 8 (3.3) | 14 (5.2) | 14 (5.8) | 17 (8.3) | 33 (8.0) | 0.097 |
Angiographic data | Â | |||||
 Culprit lesion (%) | 0.466 | |||||
  LM/LAD | 128 (52.3) | 130 (47.6) | 116 (47.7) | 106 (51.5) | 196 (47.0) |  |
  RCA/LCX | 117 (47.8) | 143 (52.4) | 127 (52.3) | 100 (48.6) | 221 (53.0) |  |
 LM disease (%) | 21 (8.6) | 11 (4.0) | 13 (5.3) | 13 (6.3) | 24 (5.8) | 0.281 |
 Multivessel disease (%) | 96 (39.2) | 106 (38.8) | 87 (35.8) | 84 (40.8) | 157 (37.6) | 0.85 |
 Complete revascularization (%) | 179 (73.1) | 183 (67.0) | 163 (67.1) | 146 (70.9) | 292 (70.0) | 0.531 |
 Total stent number | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.299 |
 Mean stent diameter | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 0.071 |
 Total stent length | 34.9 ± 22.8 | 34.4 ± 20.5 | 33.9 ± 18.4 | 35.7 ± 22.5 | 37.0 ± 23.1 | 0.387 |