Table 1 Description of studies investigating the cross-sectional association of DM with AF types
From: Association of diabetes with atrial fibrillation types: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author, year (Reference) | Country | N | Population | Mean age (years) | Women % | DM assessment | Adjustment for potential confounders | Outcome (Ref) | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1*† | Nabauer, 2009 | Germany | 7907 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 68.4 ± 11.0 | 38.8 | NR | - | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.74 (1.54–1.96) |
2*† | Chiang, 2012 | 26 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America | 9816 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 68.3 | 44.2 | NR | - | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.20 (1.07–1.34) |
3*† | Boriani, 2016 | 9 European countries | 1815 | Paroxysmal, persistant, and permanent AF | 40.15 | 39.8 | NR | - | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.40 (1.12–1.82) |
4*† | Echouffo-Tcheugui, 2017 | United States | 6575 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 75 | 42.6 | Previous medical history or new DM diagnosis during enrollment visit | – | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.18 (1.08–1.29) |
5*† | Fumagalli, 2018 | 9 European countries | 2337 | Paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent and permanent AF | 69 | 40.3 | NR | – | Non-paroxysmal AF [persistent, long-standing persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.46 (1.17–1.82) |
6* | Ruperti 2018 | Switzerland | 476 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 68 | 67.5 | NR | – | Recent non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 0.94 (0.53–1.67) |
Age, sex, BMI, HTN, heart rate, CAD, HF, LVH education, history of hyperthyroidism, smoking, physical activity, alcohol | aOR (CI), 0.79 (0.40–1.54) | |||||||||
7*† | Schnabel, 2018 | 7 European countries | 3210 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 72 | 39.9 | NR | – | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.03 (0.87–1.21) |
8* | Bhat, 2021 | Australia | 665 | Paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF | 66.8 ± 13.5 | 47 | NR | – | Non-paroxysmal AF [i.e., persistent or permanent] (Ref: paroxysmal AF) | uOR (CI), 1.55 (1.09–2.20) |
Age, HF, ischemic heart disease, anticoagulation, left ventricular ejection fraction, right atrial area, average E/e`, left atrial emptying fraction | aOR (CI), 1.42 (0.80–2.54) |