Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the entire study population
|  | All (N = 36,180) | No diabetes (N = 32,496) | Prevalent diabetes (N = 3684) |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
 Survey year | 1987–2012 | 1987–2012 | 1987–2012 |
 Examination age (years) | 57.4 (47.0, 65.1) | 56.4 (45.3, 64.5) | 64.0 (57.9, 69.0) |
 Male (%) | 17,069 (47.2) | 15,095 (46.5) | 1974 (53.6) |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (23.8, 29.4) | 26.1 (23.6, 29.0) | 29.2 (26.4, 32.6) |
 Daily smoker (%) | 8243 (27.7) | 7602 (27.9) | 641 (25.7) |
 Hypertension (%) | 17,084 (47.5) | 14,506 (44.9) | 2578 (70.6) |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 133.5 (120.0, 149.0) | 132.0 (120.0, 147.0) | 140.0 (130.0, 155.5) |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.0 (74.0, 90.0) | 80.0 (74.0, 89.5) | 80.5 (76.0, 90.0) |
 Antihypertensive (%) | 7827 (21.7) | 6057 (18.7) | 1770 (48.5) |
 Diabetes (%) | 3684 (10.2) | 0 (0) | 3684 (100) |
 Diabetes treatment: none (%) | 33,834 (95.1) | 32,496 (100) | 1338 (43.5) |
 Diabetes treatment: insulin (%) | 598 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 598 (19.4) |
 Diabetes treatment: tablets, but no insulin (%) | 1007 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1007 (32.7) |
 Diabetes treatment: dietary (%) | 133 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 133 (4.3) |
 Family history of CHD (%) | 4716 (18.6) | 4242 (18.7) | 474 (17.6) |
 Prev. MI or stroke (%) | 2132 (6.0) | 1587 (4.9) | 545 (15.3) |
 History of MI (%) | 1417 (4.0) | 1060 (3.3) | 357 (10.0) |
 Prev. stroke (%) | 862 (2.4) | 624 (1.9) | 238 (6.6) |
 History of heart failure (%) | 1454 (5.7) | 1046 (4.7) | 408 (13.2) |
Endpoints | |||
 Cardiovascular mortality (%) | 1392 (3.9) | 1080 (3.3) | 312 (8.5) |
 Cardiovascular disease (%) | 2339 (8.2) | 2043 (7.8) | 296 (12.1) |
 Overall mortality (%) | 4601 (12.7) | 3768 (11.6) | 833 (22.7) |
Biomarkers | |||
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 36.6 (32.2, 39.9) | 35.5 (32.2, 38.8) | 50.8 (44.3, 59.6) |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.1, 5.8) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.7) | 6.8 (6.2, 7.6) |
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.9 (5.0, 6.7) | 5.9 (5.1, 6.8) | 5.7 (4.8, 6.5) |
 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) |