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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of propensity score matched cohort

From: Differences in outcomes of hospitalizations for heart failure after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment: effect modification by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

 

All patients

Patients with ASCVD

Patients without ASCVD

 

Dapagliflozin

(N = 9586)

Empagliflozin

(N = 9586)

ASMD

Dapagliflozin

(N = 2401)

Empagliflozin

(N = 2434)

ASMD

Dapagliflozin

(N = 7185)

Empagliflozin

(N = 7152)

ASMD

Age, mean (SD) years

59.9 (11.6)

60.0 (12.0)

0.01

63.6 (10.3)

63.8 (10.8)

0.01

58.6 (11.7)

58.7 (12.2)

0.01

Female, %

40.2

40.2

0.01

28.0

27.7

0.05

44.3

44.5

< 0.01

HbA1c, mean (SD) %

8.7 (1.6)

8.7 (1.7)

< 0.01

8.6 (1.6)

8.5 (1.7)

0.04

8.8 (1.6)

8.8 (1.8)

<0.01

SBP, mean (SD) mmHg

140.0 (19.3)

140.0 (19.7)

 < 0.01

138.7 (19.9)

137.9 (20.0)

0.04

140.4 (19.1)

140.7 (19.6)

< 0.01

DBP, mean (SD) mmHg

78.7 (12.1)

78.6 (12.0)

< 0.01

77.9 (12.2)

77.1 (12.0)

0.06

79.0 (12.1)

79.2 (12.0)

 0.01

eGFR, mean (SD) ml/min/1.73 m2

92.8 (27.1)

92.3 (31.6)

0.01

86.3 (25.2)

84.4 (27.9)

0.07

94.9 (27.4)

95.1 (32.6)

< 0.01

Hospital level, %

  

0.03

  

< 0.01

  

0.03

 Medical centers

54.4

54.5

 

55.6

55.9

 

54.0

54.0

 

 Regional hospitals

27.2

26.6

 

29.2

29.1

 

26.6

25.8

 

 District hospitals

18.4

18.9

 

15.3

15.0

 

19.5

20.2

 

Specialty of prescriber, %

  

0.03

  

0.02

  

0.03

 Metabolism & Endocrinology

58.0

57.5

 

32.8

34.1

 

66.4

65.4

 

 Cardiology

28.9

28.9

 

55.8

54.5

 

19.9

20.2

 

 Others

13.2

13.6

 

11.5

11.5

 

13.8

14.4

 

Previous hospitalizations, %

15.3

15.1

< 0.01

28.7

29.8

0.02

10.8

10.1

0.02

ASCVD, %

25.1

25.4

 < 0.01

100.0

100.0

–

   

 Coronary heart disease

21.3

21.7

0.01

85.1

85.6

0.02

–

–

–

 Ischemic stroke

3.9

3.3

0.03

15.4

13.2

0.06

–

–

–

 Peripheral artery disease

1.3

1.5

0.02

5.0

6.0

0.04

–

–

–

Comorbidity, %

         

 Hypertension

67.6

68.0

< 0.01

76.5

76.8

< 0.01

64.6

65.0

< 0.01

 Hyperlipidemia

72.6

72.3

< 0.01

72.4

71.8

0.01

72.6

72.5

< 0.01

 Heart failure

5.7

5.8

< 0.01

14.5

14.6

< 0.01

2.7

2.8

< 0.01

 Atrial fibrillation

3.2

3.3

< 0.01

5.4

4.6

0.03

2.5

2.9

0.02

 Diabetic retinopathy

8.0

7.8

< 0.01

6.6

6.9

0.01

8.5

8.2

0.01

 Diabetic neuropathy

9.0

8.3

0.02

7.6

7.6

< 0.01

9.5

8.5

0.03

 Diabetic nephropathy

23.8

23.8

< 0.01

16.7

18.1

0.04

26.2

25.8

0.01

 COPD

3.1

3.1

< 0.01

5.3

5.3

< 0.01

2.3

2.4

< 0.01

 Liver disease

17.2

17.6

0.01

12.2

12.2

 < 0.01

18.8

19.4

0.01

 Depression

1.5

1.6

< 0.01

1.3

1.8

0.04

1.6

1.5

< 0.01

 Schizophrenia

0.4

0.4

< 0.01

0.3

0.3

 < 0.01

0.5

0.5

< 0.01

 Cancer

6.0

6.0

< 0.01

5.3

6.2

0.04

6.3

5.9

0.02

CCI, mean (SD) scores

2.5 (1.5)

2.5 (1.5)

0.01

2.8 (1.7)

2.8 (1.7)

0.05

2.4 (1.4)

2.4 (1.4)

< 0.01

Co-medications, %

         

 Anti-platelet agents

32.8

32.7

 < 0.01

77.8

79.6

0.04

17.7

16.8

0.02

 Anti-coagulant agents

3.3

3.4

 < 0.01

5.3

5.0

0.01

2.6

2.9

0.02

 Beta blockers

28.4

28.5

< 0.01

55.3

55.3

< 0.01

19.4

19.3

< 0.01

 ACEI / ARB

60.7

61.1

< 0.01

74.6

72.7

0.04

56.1

57.1

0.02

 Calcium channel blockers

40.3

41.2

0.02

50.5

45.9

0.09

36.9

39.6

0.06

 Spironolactone

2.5

2.3

0.01

4.5

3.8

0.04

1.8

1.8

< 0.01

 Other diuretics

9.0

9.6

0.02

13.7

13.7

< 0.01

7.5

8.1

0.03

 Digoxin

1.1

1.1

< 0.01

2.1

1.4

0.05

0.8

0.9

0.02

 Nitrate

6.3

6.8

0.02

19.6

20.3

0.02

1.9

2.2

0.02

 Statin

66.3

66.2

< 0.01

77.0

79.3

0.06

62.7

61.7

0.02

 Fibrate

9.1

10.0

0.03

8.1

8.8

0.02

9.4

10.4

0.03

 Ezetimibe

11.6

11.8

< 0.01

14.7

15.6

0.03

10.6

10.5

< 0.01

 Metformin

87.9

87.7

< 0.01

86.8

86.0

0.02

88.2

88.2

< 0.01

 Sulfonylurea

54.8

54.5

 < 0.01

55.1

53.1

0.04

54.7

55.0

 < 0.01

 DPP4 inhibitors

56.6

56.9

< 0.01

56.6

54.5

0.04

56.7

57.7

0.02

 Acarbose

16.1

15.7

0.01

18.2

16.1

0.05

15.4

15.5

< 0.01

 Glinides

1.8

2.1

0.02

1.4

2.1

0.05

1.9

2.1

0.01

 Thiazolidinediones

22.2

21.9

< 0.01

20.6

21.2

0.01

22.7

22.2

0.01

 GLP-1 RAs

0.9

0.9

< 0.01

0.8

0.6

0.02

1.0

1.0

< 0.01

 Insulins

16.7

16.7

< 0.01

14.0

14.5

0.01

17.6

17.5

< 0.01

 NSAID

7.9

8.0

< 0.01

8.3

8.0

0.01

7.8

8.0

< 0.01

  1. ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ASMD: absolute standardized mean difference; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1 RAs: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; NSIAD: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation