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Table 2 Cox proportional hazard regression models for the association between the risk factors and mortality

From: A synergistic effect of variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate with chronic kidney disease on all-cause mortality prediction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

 

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

HR

95% CI

P

Low SD without CKD group

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

  

0.002

 High SD without CKD group

2.123

(1.268, 3.555)

0.004

2.096

(1.251, 3.511)

0.005

2.113

(1.261, 3.542)

0.005

2.105

(1.256, 3.528)

0.005

 Low SD with CKD group

2.066

(1.169, 3.649)

0.012

1.774

(0.999, 3.149)

0.050

1.502

(0.841, 2.682)

0.169

1.224

(0.675, 2.217)

0.505

 High SD with CKD group

4.091

(2.380, 7.029)

 < 0.001

3.497

(2.019, 6.057)

 < 0.001

2.966

(1.704, 5.163)

 < 0.001

2.382

(1.346, 4.215)

0.003

Age ≥ 65 years

3.261

(2.097, 5.070)

 < 0.001

2.767

(1.761, 4.348)

 < 0.001

2.654

(1.684, 4.183)

 < 0.001

2.631

(1.671, 4.144)

 < 0.001

Male

1.692

(1.175, 2.436)

0.005

1.636

(1.122, 2.385)

0.011

1.498

(1.025, 2.189)

0.037

1.496

(1.016, 2.203)

0.041

Current smoker

   

0.987

(0.507, 1.922)

0.970

1.076

(0.550, 2.107)

0.830

1.103

(0.562, 2.164)

0.775

CVD history

   

1.293

(0.867, 1.927)

0.208

1.281

(0.827, 1.986)

0.267

1.287

(0.833, 1.987)

0.256

Obesitya

   

0.992

(0.681, 1.445)

0.967

1.006

(0.689, 1.467)

0.977

0.993

(0.680, 1.450)

0.973

Duration of diabetes ≥ 13 yearsb

   

1.594

(1.067, 2.380)

0.023

1.455

(0.967, 2.189)

0.072

1.496

(0.992, 2.256)

0.055

Hypertension

   

1.898

(0.940, 3.834)

0.074

1.681

(0.809, 3.494)

0.164

1.507

(0.720, 3.154)

0.277

Current use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs

      

1.220

(0.839, 1.773)

0.297

1.218

(0.839, 1.769)

0.300

Current use of statins

      

0.517

(0.361, 0.741)

 < 0.001

0.524

(0.364, 0.755)

 < 0.001

Current use of antiplatelet agents

      

1.155

(0.774, 1.724)

0.482

1.107

(0.742, 1.650)

0.618

Current use of insulin

      

1.454

(0.999, 2.116)

0.050

1.295

(0.865, 1.939)

0.210

Current use of metformin

      

0.690

(0.449, 1.061)

0.091

0.705

(0.458, 1.085)

0.112

Current use of SGLT2 inhibitors

      

0.159

(0.039, 0.649)

0.010

0.184

(0.045, 0.754)

0.019

HbA1c ≥ 7%

         

0.798

(0.551, 1.154)

0.231

Total cholesterol ≥ 4.14 mmol/L

         

0.986

(0.669, 1.454)

0.944

Low HDL cholesterolc

         

1.197

(0.807, 1.777)

0.371

Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L

         

0.732

(0.466, 1.151)

0.177

Albuminuria

         

2.617

(1.725, 3.970)

 < 0.001

  1. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin II receptor antagonist, CKD chronic kidney disease, CI confidence interval, HDL high-density lipoprotein, SD standard deviation, SGLT2 sodium glucose cotransporter 2
  2. aObesity defined as a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2,
  3. bMedian of duration of diabetes was 13 years
  4. cLow HDL cholesterol defined as < 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) in men or < 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) in women
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840