|
Age
|
61.5 ± 16.0
|
74.3 ± 10.5
|
< 0.01
|
|
Male (%)
|
60 (60.6)
|
65 (61.9)
|
0.84
|
|
BMI
|
23.0 ± 4.0
|
23.1 ± 4.1
|
0.74
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
50 (50.5)
|
60 (57.1)
|
0.34
|
|
Diabetes mellitus (%)
|
35 (35.4)
|
39 (37.1)
|
0.79
|
|
Dyslipidemia (%)
|
39 (39.4)
|
43 (41.0)
|
0.82
|
|
Chronic kidney disease (%)
|
45 (45.9)
|
65 (62.5)
|
0.02
|
|
Current smoking (%)
|
14 (14.3)
|
10 (9.6)
|
0.30
|
|
COPD (%)
|
1 (1.0)
|
5 (4.8)
|
0.11
|
|
History of MI (%)
|
12 (12.1)
|
22 (21.0)
|
0.08
|
|
History of PCI (%)
|
15 (15.2)
|
26 (24.8)
|
0.08
|
|
History of CABG (%)
|
6 (6.1)
|
24 (22.9)
|
< 0.01
|
|
History of valvular surgery (%)
|
10 (10.1)
|
13 (12.4)
|
0.60
|
|
History of CHF (%)
|
49 (49.5)
|
56 (53.9)
|
0.53
|
|
Valvular disease (%)
|
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
11 (11.1)
|
22 (21.0)
|
0.06
|
|
Aortic valve regurgitation
|
2 (2.0)
|
3 (2.9)
|
0.70
|
|
Mitral valve stenosis
|
1 (1.0)
|
1 (1.0)
|
0.96
|
|
Mitral valve regurgitation
|
15 (15.2)
|
27 (25.7)
|
0.06
|
|
Tricuspid valve regurgitation
|
15 (15.2)
|
13 (12.4)
|
0.57
|
|
Atrial fibrillation (%)
|
30 (30.3)
|
36 (34.3)
|
0.54
|
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy (%)
|
12 (12.1)
|
8 (7.6)
|
0.27
|
|
Echocardiography
|
|
LVEF (%)
|
49 ± 20
|
51 ± 18
|
0.46
|
|
E/e′
|
19.1 ± 11.0
|
20.0 ± 11.7
|
0.77
|
|
Laboratory data
|
|
Hemoglobin, g/dL
|
13.2 ± 2.3
|
12.2 ± 2.1
|
< 0.01
|
|
Albumin, g/dL
|
3.7 ± 0.5
|
3.6 ± 0.5
|
0.04
|
|
HbA1c (%)
|
6.0 ± 0.7
|
6.1 ± 0.9
|
0.36
|
|
Fasting blood sugar, mg/dL
|
97 ± 21
|
106 ± 30
|
0.02
|
|
Total cholesterol, mg/dL
|
167 ± 33
|
165 ± 38
|
0.69
|
|
LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL
|
98 ± 27
|
96 ± 32
|
0.76
|
|
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL
|
46 ± 14
|
46 ± 12
|
0.85
|
|
Triglyceride, mg/dL
|
109 ± 54
|
104 ± 46
|
0.53
|
|
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2
|
66.5 ± 27.5
|
51.9 ± 25.0
|
< 0.01
|
|
BNP, pg/dL
|
325.4 ± 333.4
|
516.4 ± 862.7
|
0.04
|
|
Medication
|
|
Aspirin (%)
|
27 (27.3)
|
52 (50.0)
|
< 0.01
|
|
ACE-I/ARB (%)
|
67 (67.7)
|
72 (69.2)
|
0.81
|
|
Statin (%)
|
44 (44.4)
|
63 (60.6)
|
0.02
|
|
β-Blocker (%)
|
70 (70.7)
|
87 (83.7)
|
0.03
|
|
Ca antagonist (%)
|
27 (27.3)
|
37 (35.6)
|
0.20
|
|
Loop diuretics (%)
|
63 (63.6)
|
75 (72.1)
|
0.19
|
|
Oral hypoglycemic agent (%)
|
10 (10.1)
|
22 (21.0)
|
0.03
|
|
Insulin (%)
|
4 (4.0)
|
9 (8.6)
|
0.19
|
|
Anthropometric data and grip strength
|
|
Body fat percentage (%)
|
23.9 ± 7.8
|
24.9 ± 10.7
|
0.48
|
|
Lean body weight (kg)
|
46.7 ± 11.3
|
44.0 ± 9.9
|
0.11
|
|
Grip strength (kg)
|
28.0 ± 10.6
|
25.5 ± 8.1
|
0.23
|
