Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Multivariable Cox regression analysis of primary and secondary outcomes

Outcome	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Outcome	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P	HR	95% CI	P
Primary outcome (MACEs)	1.333	1.205–1.474	< 0.001	1.171	1.030–1.333	0.016	1.194	1.049–1.360	0.007
Cardiovascular cause death	1.422	1.201–1.683	< 0.001	1.237	0.995–1.538	0.056	1.264	1.015–1.573	0.036
Nonfatal myocardial infarction	1.447	1.255–1.669	< 0.001	1.252	1.045–1.499	0.015	1.284	1.071–1.539	0.007
Nonfatal stroke	1.190	0.984–1.441	0.073	1.078	0.841–1.381	0.590	1.090	0.849–1.399	0.680
Secondary outcomes (all-cause mortality)	1.184	1.077–1.303	< 0.001	1.037	0.917–1.173	0.559	1.065	0.942–1.206	0.315
Total stroke	1.232	1.023–1.484	0.028	1.132	0.888–1.444	0.316	1.143	0.895–1.459	0.284
Congestive heart failure	1.264	1.074–1.487	0.005	1.035	0.840–1.276	0.746	1.017	0.823–1.255	0.879

Data are expressed as HR and 95% CIs (reported in parentheses) as assessed by multivariable Cox regression analysis; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. Covariables included in multivariable cox regression models were model 1: age, sex, previous cardiovascular event, smoking, BMI, and duration of diabetes. Model 2: age, sex, previous cardiovascular event, smoking, BMI, duration of diabetes, previous congestive heart failure, eGFR, HbA1c, plasma triglycerides, total plasma cholesterol, and plasma HDL-C. Model 3: age, sex, previous cardiovascular event, smoking, BMI, duration of diabetes, previous congestive heart failure, eGFR, HbA1c, plasma triglycerides, total plasma cholesterol, plasma HDL-C, insulin, biguanide, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinediones, statin, other lipid-lowering medications, niacin, and fibrate

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