Table 2 Baseline characteristics according to lower and higher TyG index in nondiabetic population stratified by gender
| Â | Female | Male | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower TyG index; n  =  379 | Higher TyG index; n  =  287 | p value | Lower TyG index; n  =  292 | Higher TyG index; n  =  297 | p value | |
Age (years) | 60.94  ±  7.61 | 61.71  ±  7.64 | 0.198 | 63.29  ±  8.21 | 62.26  ±  8.18 | 0.126 |
BMI | 23.23 (21.22–25.36) | 24.79 (22.92–27.50) | < 0.001 | 23.78 (21.97–25.85) | 25.52 (23.32–27.20) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference | 78.5 (72–85) | 83 (78–90) | < 0.001 | 84 (79–90) | 88 (83–94) | < 0.001 |
Smoking (%) | 9 (2.4) | 12 (4.2) | 0.262 | 99 (33.9) | 101 (34.0) | 1.000 |
Underlying disease | ||||||
 Hypertension (%) | 92 (24.3) | 108 (37.6) | < 0.001 | 86 (29.5) | 102 (34.3) | 0.216 |
 Anti-hypertensive agents (%) | 42 (11.1) | 42 (14.6) | 0.195 | 35 (12.0) | 54 (18.2) | 0.039 |
 CKD (%) | 16 (4.2) | 20 (7.0) | 0.165 | 97 (33.4) | 94 (31.6) | 0.660 |
 Metabolic syndrome (%) | 41 (10.8) | 141 (49.1) | < 0.001 | 22 (7.5) | 109 (36.7) | < 0.001 |
 Overweight (%) | 110 (29.0) | 136 (47.4) | < 0.001 | 102 (34.9) | 165 (55.6) | < 0.001 |
 LDL  ≥  130 mg/dL (%) | 134 (35.4) | 144 (50.2) | < 0.001 | 96 (32.9) | 133 (44.8) | 0.003 |
Laboratory data | ||||||
 Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 202 (179–222) | 211 (191–233) | < 0.001 | 186 (165–209) | 198 (177–218) | < 0.001 |
 HDL (mg/dl) | 64 (54–74) | 53 (46–60) | < 0.001 | 53 (46–62) | 47 (40–53) | < 0.001 |
 LDL (mg/dl) | 118 (98–139) | 130 (110–151) | < 0.001 | 117 (97–137.8) | 124 (101.5–143) | 0.028 |
 Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 91 (86–96) | 97 (91–105) | < 0.001 | 92 (88–98) | 96 (90.5–104) | < 0.001 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.5–5.9) | 5.9 (5.6–6.2) | < 0.001 | 5.7 (5.4–5.9) | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) | < 0.001 |
 Uric acid | 4.9 (4.2–5.6) | 5.4 (4.6–6.3) | < 0.001 | 6.1 (5.3–6.9) | 6.7 (5.9–7.7) | < 0.001 |
 hs-CRP | 0.067 (0.031–0.179) | 0.101 (0.03–0.240) | 0.001 | 0.24  ±  0.48 | 0.21  ±  0.36 | 0.361 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 78 (60–91) | 141 (124–176) | < 0.001 | 76 (62–90) | 150 (124.5–204.5) | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 90.98 (72.30–108.23) | 100.30 (79.22–114.24) | 0.010 | 67.01  ±  18.54 | 70.13  ±  20.26 | 0.052 |
 Triglyceride glucose index | 8.17 (7.90–8.35) | 8.83 (8.67–9.07) | < 0.001 | 8.18 (7.96–8.35) | 8.88 (8.71–9.21) | < 0.001 |
 Mean cIMT (mm) | 0.64  ±  0.11 | 0.67  ±  0.11 | 0.006 | 0.71  ±  0.16 | 0.71  ±  0.14 | 0.698 |
 cIMT  ≥  0.75 mm | 65 (17.2) | 73 (25.4) | 0.012 | 105 (36.0) | 99 (33.3) | 0.545 |