Cost-effectiveness evaluation of add-on dapagliflozin for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from perspective of healthcare systems in Asia–Pacific region

Table 2 Cost-effectiveness of add-on dapagliflozin to standard care versus standard care alone in the base-case, subgroup, and scenario analyses, from the perspective of healthcare system in Taiwan

	Cost (US$)			QALYs or LYs			ICER (US$)	Probability of cost-effectiveness, dapagliflozin vs. standard care (%)
	Add-on dapagliflozin	Standard care	$\Delta$ Costs	Add-on dapagliflozin	Standard care	$\Delta$ QALYs or $\Delta \mathrm{LYs}$		WTP at US$ 25,000	WTP at US$ 75,000
Base-case analysis
QALY gain as effectiveness outcome	87,805	76,501	11,304	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,035	99.3	100
LY gain as effectiveness outcome	87,805	76,501	11,304	14.71	13.46	1.25	9,080	100	100
Scenario analyses
(1) Time horizon
30 years	104,623	87,940	16,682	13.14	11.60	1.54	10,832	100	100
18 months	16,719	15,732	987	2.10	2.08	0.03	37,386	43.8	61.8
(2) Discounting rate
0%	104,288	90,112	14,176	13.1	11.89	1.21	11,681	100	100
10%	62,215	55,130	7,085	7.82	7.27	0.54	13,007	97.3	100
(3) Under assumption of equal risk of clinical events between the two treatments
Cardiovascular death	81,581	76,501	5,081	10.20	10.09	0.11	44,670	33	60.9
Non-cardiovascular death	86,887	76,501	10,387	10.91	10.9	0.82	12,704	98.9	100
Hospitalization for HF	87,995	76,501	11,444	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,204	99.6	100
Emergency visits for HF	87,818	76,501	11,317	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,055	99.9	100
(4) Adverse events of treatments considered in the model	88,074	76,727	11,347	10.95	10.02	0.92	12,288	99.3%	100

QALY quality-adjusted life-year, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, WTP willingness-to-pay, LY life-year, HF heart failure

ISSN: 1475-2840

	Cost (US$)			QALYs or LYs			ICER (US$)	Probability of cost-effectiveness, dapagliflozin vs. standard care (%)
	Add-on dapagliflozin	Standard care	\(\Delta\) Costs	Add-on dapagliflozin	Standard care	\(\Delta\) QALYs or \(\Delta \mathrm{LYs}\)		WTP at US$ 25,000	WTP at US$ 75,000
Base-case analysis
QALY gain as effectiveness outcome	87,805	76,501	11,304	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,035	99.3	100
LY gain as effectiveness outcome	87,805	76,501	11,304	14.71	13.46	1.25	9,080	100	100
Scenario analyses
(1) Time horizon
30 years	104,623	87,940	16,682	13.14	11.60	1.54	10,832	100	100
18 months	16,719	15,732	987	2.10	2.08	0.03	37,386	43.8	61.8
(2) Discounting rate
0%	104,288	90,112	14,176	13.1	11.89	1.21	11,681	100	100
10%	62,215	55,130	7,085	7.82	7.27	0.54	13,007	97.3	100
(3) Under assumption of equal risk of clinical events between the two treatments
Cardiovascular death	81,581	76,501	5,081	10.20	10.09	0.11	44,670	33	60.9
Non-cardiovascular death	86,887	76,501	10,387	10.91	10.9	0.82	12,704	98.9	100
Hospitalization for HF	87,995	76,501	11,444	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,204	99.6	100
Emergency visits for HF	87,818	76,501	11,317	11.03	10.09	0.94	12,055	99.9	100
(4) Adverse events of treatments considered in the model	88,074	76,727	11,347	10.95	10.02	0.92	12,288	99.3%	100