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Table 2 Predictive value of various IR surrogates for the risk of MACCE in the total population

From: Comparison of various insulin resistance surrogates on prognostic prediction and stratification following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

IR surrogates

Variate type

No. MACCE

Lower/Higher

Unadjusted analysis

Adjusted analysisc

HR (95% CI)

P-value

HR (95% CI)

P-value

TyG index

Nominala

35/152

4.660 (3.227–6.729)

< 0.001

3.805 (2.581–5.608)

< 0.001

 

Continuousb

–

2.049 (1.793–2.343)

< 0.001

1.847 (1.564–2.181)

< 0.001

VAI

Nominala

53/134

2.648 (1.926–3.639)

< 0.001

2.161 (1.559–2.996)

< 0.001

 

Continuousb

-

1.517 (1.373–1.675)

< 0.001

1.420 (1.272–1.586)

< 0.001

CVAI

Nominala

62/125

2.093 (1.544–2.838)

< 0.001

1.648 (1.203–2.258)

0.002

 

Continuousb

-

1.533 (1.339–1.756)

< 0.001

1.353 (1.171–1.563)

< 0.001

LAP

Nominala

59/128

2.273 (1.670–3.094)

< 0.001

1.764 (1.279–2.432)

0.001

 

Continuousb

-

1.540 (1.405–1.689)

< 0.001

1.431 (1.289–1.589)

< 0.001

TG/HDL-C

Nominala

61/126

2.146 (1.581–2.914)

< 0.001

1.757 (1.284–2.404)

< 0.001

 

Continuousb

–

1.466 (1.319–1.629)

< 0.001

1.395 (1.241–1.569)

< 0.001

  1. IR insulin resistance, TyG triglyceride-glucose, VAI visceral adiposity index, CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product, TG/HDL-C triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, MACCE major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aThe HR was examined by regarding the lower median as reference
  3. bThe HR was examined by evaluating 1 normalized unit increase
  4. cAdjusted for smoking history, hypertension, T2DM, previous MI, previous PCI, previous stroke, clinical diagnosis, TC, hs-CRP, eGFR, HbA1c, LVEF, ACEI/ARB at discharge, oral antidiabetic agents at discharge, insulin at discharge, LM disease, three-vessel disease, chronic total occlusion, SYNTAX score, complete revascularization, and number of stents