Table.2 Association of weight change with subsequent outcomes

All-cause death

 Weight loss ≥ 5 %

2.15 (1.61–2.87)

1.79 (1.33–2.42)

< 0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 5 %

0.99 (0.73–1.32)

1.01 (0.74–1.36)

0.96

 Weight loss ≥ 10 %

2.74 (1.78–4.25)

2.07 (1.31–3.25)

0.002

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 10 %

0.90 (0.54–1.52)

0.83 (0.50–1.41)

0.50

Cardiovascular death

 Weight loss ≥ 5 %

2.21 (1.57–3.10)

1.84 (1.30–2.61)

0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 5 %

1.16 (0.83–1.62)

1.21 (0.86–1.70)

0.28

 Weight loss ≥ 10 %

2.56 (1.50–4.37)

1.89 (1.10–3.26)

0.021

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 10 %

0.94 (0.51–1.73)

0.88 (0.48–1.63)

0.68

CVD/HFH

 Weight loss ≥ 5 %

2.61 (1.99–3.41)

2.19 (1.66–2.89)

< 0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 5 %

1.29 (0.99–1.69)

1.34 (1.02–1.76)

0.033

 Weight loss ≥ 10 %

3.59 (2.42–5.33)

2.83 (1.87–4.23)

< 0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 10 %

1.07 (0.67–1.72)

1.00 (0.63–1.61)

0.99

Primary outcome

 Weight loss ≥ 5 %

1.87 (1.49–2.36)

1.67 (1.32–2.10)

< 0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 5 %

0.91 (0.73–1.15)

0.94 (0.74–1.18)

0.57

 Weight loss ≥ 10 %

2.53 (1.76–3.63)

2.14 (1.49–3.08)

< 0.001

 Stable weight

Ref.

Ref.

–

 Weight gain ≥ 10 %

0.84 (0.56–1.27)

0.82 (0.54–1.24)

0.34