Table 1 Patient characteristics
Clinical characteristics | Internal thoracic artery (ITA) | Internal carotid artery (ICA) | Ascending thoracic aorta (ATA) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-DM | T2DM | p | Non-DM | T2DM | p | Non-DM | T2DM | p | |
n | 7 | 9 | NA | 9 | 10 | NA | 10 | 10 | NA |
Age at surgery (y) | 65 ± 12 | 68 ± 12 | 0.65 | 69 ± 5 | 71 ± 9 | 0.59 | 71 ± 8 | 64 ± 11 | 0.11 |
Male sex (%) | 7 (100%) | 8 (89%) | 0.38 | 8 (80%) | 8 (89%) | 0.60 | 10 (100%) | 10 (100%) | – |
SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 9 | 139 ± 10 | 0.20 | 152 ± 22 | 148 ± 20 | 0.71 | 155 ± 16 | 142 ± 14 | 0.09 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73 ± 8 | 74 ± 6 | 0.84 | 77 ± 10 | 74 ± 10 | 0.49 | 79 ± 7 | 75 ± 8 | 0.35 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30 ± 4 | 37 ± 4 | 0.01 | 27 ± 4 | 28 ± 3 | 0.35 | 28 ± 3 | 31 ± 6 | 0.18 |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 6 (86%) | 7 (78%) | 0.69 | 5 (50%) | 8 (89%) | 0.08 | 7 (70%) | 10 (100%) | 0.07 |
 Stroke, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 5 (50%) | 3 (33%) | 0.47 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
 ACS, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (11%) | 0.38 | 1 (10%) | 1 (11%) | 0.95 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
 Cancer, n (%) | 1 (14%) | 1 (11%) | 0.86 | 1 (10%) | 1 (11%) | 0.95 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
 Uraemia, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – |
 Never smoked, n (%) | 2 (29%) | 1 (11%) | 0.38 | 3 (30%) | 3 (33%) | 0.89 | 4 (40%) | 2 (20%) | 0.34 |
Biochemical factors | |||||||||
 HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 39.8 ± 4.3 | 61.7 ± 10.7 |  < 0.01 | 37.7 ± 2.8 | 54 ± 0.8 |  < 0.01 | 37.1 ± 2.8 | 63.1 ± 15.6 | < 0.01 |
 Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 0.31 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.41 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 0.60 |
 LDL (mmol/L) | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.45 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 0.18 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 0.22 |
 HDL (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.28 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.76 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.86 |
 Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.96 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.76 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 0.06 |
 Creatinine (mmol/L) | 93 ± 19 | 94 ± 22 | 0.91 | 80 ± 17 | 93 ± 30 | 0.42 | 88 ± 14 | 93 ± 17 | 0.55 |
Medication | |||||||||
 Metformin, n (%) | 0 (%) | 7 (78%) |  < 0.01 | 0 (%) | 7 (78%) |  < 0.01 | 0 (%) | 9 (90%) | < 0.01 |
 Insulin, n (%) | 0 (%) | 3 (33%) | 0.10 | 0 (%) | 6 (66%) |  < 0.01 | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | – |
 Statins, n (%) | 6 (86%) | 7 (78%) | 0.69 | 6 (60%) | 8 (89%) | 0.16 | 9 (90%) | 9 (90%) | 1.0 |
 Antihypertensives, n (%) | 7 (100%) | 9 (100%) | – | 6 (60%) | 9 (100%) | 0.04 | 8 (80%) | 10 (100%) | 0.15 |
 Anticoagulants, n (%) | 7 (100%) | 8 (89%) | 0.38 | 10 (100%) | 9 (100%) | – | 1 (10%) | 10 (100%) | < 0.01 |
 Steroids, n (%) | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | – | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | – | 0 (%) | 0 (%) | – |