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Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics post propensity-matching

From: Cardiorenal outcomes with sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and low kidney risk: real world evidence

Characteristic

Level

Study group

SGLT2-I (N  =  9219)

oGLAs (N  =  9219)

STD

Demographic characteristics

 Women

n (%)

3683 (40.0%)

3635 (39.4%)

0.01

 Age (years)

Mean (SD)

62.3 (9.6)

62.5 (11.0)

− 0.01

 Years in diabetes registry, n (%)

≤ 2

369 (4.0%)

362 (3.9%)

 0.4

2–5

1124 (12.2%)

1112 (12.1%)

 

5–10

2504 (27.2%)

2457 (26.7%)

 

> 10

5222 (56.6%)

5288 (57.4%)

 

 Socioeconomic status, n (%)

1–3 (low)

962 (10.4%)

881 (9.6%)

0.00

4–5 (low-medium)

2825 (30.6%)

2930 (31.8%)

6–7 (medium)

3530 (38.3%)

3539 (38.4%)

8–10 (high)

1891 (20.5%)

1858 (20.2%)

Missing

11 (0.1%)

11 (0.1%)

Baseline measures

 BMI

Mean (SD) in kg/m2

31.7 (5.4)

31.6 (5.4)

0.02

 HbA1c (%)/mmol/mol

Mean (SD)

8.3 (1.5)/67.2 (2.3)

8.3 (1.6)/67.2(2.3)

− 0.04

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), n (%)a

> 90 ml/min/1.73 m2

5026 (54.5%)

5026 (54.5%)

 

60–90 ml/min/1.73 m2

3407 (37.0%)

3407 (37.0%)

< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

786 (8.5%)

786 (8.5%)

 UACR, n (%)

Urinary albumin BDL

3510 (38.1%)

3566 (38.7%)

0.06

< 30 mg/g

2370 (25.7%)

2372 (25.7%)

30– < 300 mg/g

2312 (25.1%)

2295 (24.9%)

> 300 mg/g

664 (7.2%)

655 (7.1%)

Missing

363 (3.9%)

331 (3.6%)

 KDIGO risk [26], n (%)

Low-risk

5832 (63.3%)

5936 (64.4%)

0.05

Moderate-risk

2439 (26.5%)

2250 (24.4%)

High and very high-risk

948 (10.3%)

1033 (11.2%)

 Change in eGFR, n (%)b

< 3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year

8757 (95.0%)

8645 (93.8%)

− 0.04

≥ 3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year

358 (3.9%)

430 (4.7%)

≥ 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year

110 (1.2%)

124 (1.3%)

− 0.01

Missing

104 (1.1%)

144 (1.6%)

 

Baseline medications

 Metformin

n (%)

8571 (93.0%)

8544 (92.7%)

0.01

 Sulfonylureas

n (%)

2502 (27.1%)

2549 (27.6%)

− 0.01

 DPP4i

n (%)

4402 (47.7%)

4373 (47.4%)

0.01

 GLP-1 RA

n (%)

1806 (19.6%)

1880 (20.4%)

− 0.02

 Metiglinides

n (%)

1093 (11.9%)

1074 (11.6%)

0.01

 TZDs

n (%)

620 (6.7%)

667 (7.2%)

− 0.02

 Acarbose

n (%)

210 (2.3%)

214 (2.3%)

− 0.00

 Insulin

n (%)

2474 (26.8%)

2295 (24.9%)

0.04

 Short-acting

n (%)

582 (6.3%)

557 (6.0%)

0.01

 Long-acting

n (%)

2171 (23.5%)

2105 (22.8%)

0.02

 ACEi/ARBs

n (%)

6595 (71.5%)

6436 (69.8%)

0.04

 Beta blockers

n (%)

3664 (39.7%)

3634 (39.4%)

0.01

 Aldosterone antagonists

n (%)

413 (4.5%)

415 (4.5%)

− 0.00

Medical history

 Established CVD history [24]

n (%)

2705 (29.3%)

2697 (29.3%)

0.00

 Myocardial infarction/CABG/PCI with stent

n (%)

1795 (19.5%)

1796 (19.5%)

− 0.00

 Microvascular complicationsc

n (%)

5624 (61.0%)

5495 (59.6%)

0.03

 Heart failure (24)

n (%)

344 (3.7%)

307 (3.3%)

0.02

  1. ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs Angiotensin II receptor blocker; BDL below detectable levels; CABG coronary artery bypass grafting; DPP4i Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1 RAs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome; oGLA other glucose lowering agent; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; STD standardized difference; TZD Thiazolidinediones; UACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio
  2. aThe propensity score matching was generated on each eGFR layer separately, therefore the number of participants in each arm's eGFR layer is equal by definition
  3. bBaseline eGFR slope (per year) was calculated during the 4 years prior to the index date. Slope was calculated only for the participants with at-least 180 days interval between their first and their last (i.e., before index date) eGFR measurement during this period
  4. cMicrovascular complications was defined as: diabetic eye complication, neuropathy, diabetic foot/ peripheral angiopathy or diabetic kidney disease (i.e., nephropathy, eGFR  <  60 or UACR  >  100)