Fig. 3
Risk of composite renal outcome for patients with T2DM in different categories of baseline BMI and initial BW loss associated with SGLT2i treatment. A U-shaped association between baseline BMI categories and development of composite renal outcome was observed with the lowest risk in the category of BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and the highest risk in the category of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) after multivariate adjustment (A). Compared with patients with no BW loss following SGLT2i treatment, a modest BW loss of 0.0–4.9% was associated with a significantly lower risk, whereas a pronounced BW loss ≥ 10.0% associated with a worse composite renal outcome after multivariate adjustment (B). Risk of study outcome was adjusted for age, gender, baseline comorbidities including history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, gout, malignancy, and baseline BMI, urine ACR; HbA1c, eGFR, uric acid, and lipid profiles, use of anti-platelet therapy, diuretics, statin, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and anti-hypoglycemic agent. ACR albumin to creatinine ratio, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, BMI body mass index, BW body weight, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESKD end stage kidney disease, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, SGLT2i sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus