Table 3 Comparison of LV strain among T2DM patients with mild/moderate/severe regurgitation and normal controls

LVEF, %

62.6 ± 5.8

47.4 ± 12.0*

49.6 (28.6, 62.8)*

40.2 ± 19.5*

PS, %

Radial

38.4 ± 8.7

22.8 ± 8.6*

16.1 ± 17.4*†

15.6 ± 10.3*†

Circumferential

− 19.9 ± 2.7

14.4 ± 4.2*

11.0 ± 5.1*†

8.9 (5.2, 13.8) *†

Longitudinal

− 14.8 ± 3.3

11.1 ± 3.2*

8.8 ± 3.4*†

7.2 (5.6, 10.9) *†

PSSR, 1/s

Radial

2.1 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 0.6*

1.0 ± 0.5*

1.1 (0.5, 1.1) *†

Circumferential

− 1.0 (− 1.1, − 0.9)

− 0.8 ± 0.3

− 0.7 ± 0.3*

− 0.6 ± 0.3*

Longitudinal

− 0.8 (− 0.9, − 0.6)

− 0.7 (− 0.8, − 0.6)

− 0.5 ± 0.2*

− 0.4 (− 0.5, − 0.3) *†

PDSR, 1/s

Radial

− 2.8 ± 0.9

− 1.5 ± 0.6*

− 1.0 ± 0.6*

− 0.9 ± 0.5*†

Circumferential

1.2 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3*

0.7 ± 0.3*†

0.6 ± 0.3*†

Longitudinal

0.9 (0.8, 1.2)

0.6 (0.5, 1.0) *

0.6 ± 0.2*

0.5 ± 0.2*†