Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without high-risk plaque
Variable | Overall n = 230 | HRP present n = 86 | HRP not present = 144 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 62 ± 10 | 62 ± 9 | 61 ± 10 | 0.40 |
Male, n (%) | 144 (63) | 77 (90) | 91 (63) |  < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 30.6 ± 3.78 | 29.4 ± 3.78 | 31.23 ± 5.17 |   0.01 |
Waist circumference, cm | 107 ± 15 | 106 ± 9 | 107 ± 15 | 0.47 |
Waist / hip –ratio | 1.00 ± 0.1 | 1.02 ± 0.1 | 0.99 ± 0.1 | 0.02 |
Outpatient diabetes care, n (%) | 144 (63) | 52 (60) | 92 (64) | 0.56 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 160 (70) | 57 (66) | 102 (71) | 0.52 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 179 (78) | 65 (76) | 114 (79) | 0.53 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 53 (23) | 25 (29) | 27 (19) | 0.07 |
Pack years | 15.9 ± 19.2 | 20.2 ± 22.7 | 13.1 ± 16.2 |  0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 141.3 ± 15.7 | 141.5 ± 15.8 | 141.2 ± 15.3 | 0.87 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 85.8 ± 10.2 | 86.6 ± 9.74 | 85.4 ± 10.53 | 0.38 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.15 |
 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.97 |
 Triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 0.21 |
 CRP, mg /L | 2.9 ± 3.7 | 2.6 ± 3.7 | 3.0 ± 3.7 | 0.35 |
 Troponin, T ng/L | 10.0 ± 8.6 | 10.8 ± 9.8 | 9.5 ± 7.8 | 0.28 |
 HbA1c, mmol/mol | 60.1 ± 14.1 | 64.1 ± 15.8 | 57.7 ± 12.6 |  < 0.001 |
 CACS, median [IQR] | 72.5 [1;460] | 113.0 [25;408] | 28.5 ± [0;612] | 0.11 |
 Duration of diabetes, years | 10.9 ± 8.0 | 10.1 ± 9.0 | 11.4 ± 7.3 | 0.21 |
 Lipid-lowering duration, years | 5.3 ± 5.7 | 5.1 ± 5.7 | 5.5 ± 5.7 | 0.58 |
 Diabetic complications, n (%) | 123 (54) | 55 (64) | 68 (47) | 0.01 |
 Retinopathy, n (%) | 52 (23) | 25 (29) | 27 (19) | 0.07 |
 Albuminuria, n (%) | 65 (28) | 30 (35) | 35 (24) | 0.09 |
 Neuropathy, n (%) | 57 (25) | 23 (27) | 34 (24) | 0.28 |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
 Lipid-lowering, n (%) | 178 (77) | 65 (76) | 113 (78) | 0.61 |
 Aspirin, n (%) | 30 (13) | 10 (12) | 21 (15) | 0.30 |
 Beta blocker, n (%) | 23 (10) | 5 (6) | 18 (13) | 0.10 |
 ACE/ARB inhibitor, n (%) | 152 (66) | 56 (65) | 96 (67) | 0.81 |
 Insulin, n (%) | 90 (39) | 28 (33) | 62 (43) | 0.11 |
 GLP-1 inhibitor, n (%) | 54 (23) | 15 (17) | 39 (27) | 0.10 |
 DPP4 inhibitor, n (%) | 35 (15) | 17 (20) | 18 (13) | 0.14 |
 Biguanide, n (%) | 192 (83) | 77 (90) | 115 (80) | 0.06 |
 Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 40 (17) | 21 (24) | 19 (13) | 0.03 |
 SGLT2, n (%) | 21 (9) | 9 (10) | 12 (8) | 0.59 |