Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke (cases) and controls
Variables | Cases (n = 4796) | Controls (n = 23,980) | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age | 61.88 ± 8.98 | 61.88 ± 8.98 | < 0.001 |
Women | 2034 (42.4) | 10,170 (42.4) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 6.08 ± 3.34 | 6.08 ± 3.34 | 0.001 |
< 5 years | 1929 (40.2) | 9633 (40.2) | |
5–10 years | 2175 (45.4) | 10,876 (45.4) | |
≥ 10 years | 692 (14.4) | 3471 (14.5) | |
BMI | 0.035 | ||
< 18.5 kg/m2 | 59 (1.2) | 210 (0.9) | |
18.5–22.9 kg/m2 | 1002 (20.9) | 5036 (2.10) | |
23–25 kg/m2 | 1185 (24.7) | 6008 (25.1) | |
≥ 25 kg/m2 | 2550 (53.2) | 12,726 (47.76) | |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)a | 138.54 ± 53.91 | 134.89 ± 47.76 | 0.072 |
BP (mmHg)a | |||
Systolic | 134.92 ± 17.91 | 132.38 ± 17.04 | 0.146 |
Diastolic | 82.14 ± 11.37 | 80.83 ± 10.74 | 0.118 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 205.23 ± 42.81 | 203.90 ± 41.61 | 0.032 |
Creatinine (mg/dL)† | 1.02 ± 0.86 | 1.03 ± 0.95 | 0.005 |
Hypertension | 3922 (81.8) | 17,998 (78.1) | 0.164 |
Atrial fibrillation | 339 (7.1) | 728 (3.0) | 0.185 |
Ischemic heart disease | 1269 (26.5) | 5571(23.2) | 0.075 |
Heart failure | 732 (15.3) | 2552 (10.6) | 0.138 |
Dyslipidemia | 2,446 (51.0) | 13,484 (56.2) | 0.105 |
CCI | 0.03 | ||
0 | 1442 (30.1) | 7059 (29.4) | |
1 | 1156 (24.1) | 5583 (23.3) | |
2 | 2198 (45.8) | 11,338 (47.3) | |
aDCSI | 0.147 | ||
0 | 4175 (87.1) | 21,951 (91.5) | |
1 | 445 (9.3) | 1402 (5.8) | |
2 | 176 (3.7) | 627 (2.6) | |
Depression | 663 (13.8) | 2,969 (12.4) | 0.043 |
Medication | |||
Statin | 2589 (54.0) | 13,445 (56.1) | 0.042 |
Aspirin | 2788 (58.1) | 12,741 (53.1) | 0.101 |
Antiplatelet | 961 (20.0) | 2991 (12.5) | 0.206 |
Anticoagulant | 204 (4.3) | 438 (1.8) | 0.142 |
Antihypertensive agents | 3551 (74.0) | 16,150 (67.3) | 0.147 |
Antiarrhythmic agents | 551 (11.5) | 2188 (9.1) | 0.078 |
Antidiabetic medication | |||
Biguanide | 3813 (79.5) | 17,598 (73.4) | 0.145 |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 411 (8.6) | 1716 (7.2) | 0.053 |
DPP- IV inhibitors | 1220 (25.4) | 4721 (19.7) | 0.138 |
Insulin | 1983 (41.3) | 5177 (21.6) | 0.435 |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 47 (1.0) | 174 (0.7) | 0.028 |
Sulfonylurea | 3550 (74.0) | 15,972 (66.6) | 0.163 |
Smoking | |||
None | 2963 (61.8) | 15,772 (65.8) | 0.154 |
Past | 570 (11.9) | 3399 (14.2) | |
Current | 1263 (26.3) | 4809 (20.1) | |
Alcohol use | 0.056 | ||
Low | 3497 (72.9) | 17,561 (73.2) | |
Moderate | 953 (19.9) | 5002 (20.9) | |
Heavy | 346 (7.2) | 1417 (5.9) | |
Physical activity | 0.121 | ||
Yes (≥ 1 time per week) | 3182 (66.3) | 17,244 (71.9) |