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Table 3 Association between inpatient statins and severe disease outcomes- Mortality, Mechanical ventilation and ICU admission

From: Statins and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching

Characteristic

Mortality

ICU Admission

Mechanical ventilation

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Total cohort

 Unadjusted

0.76 (0.55–1.05)

0.1

0.70 (0.51–0.95)

0.02

0.64 (0.45–0.90)

0.01

 Fully adjusted*

0.61 (0.42–0.90)

0.01

0.61 (0.43–0.87)

0.006

0.54 (0.36–0.80)

0.002

 Optimal Model

0.64 (0.45–0.91)†

0.01

0.64 (0.46–0.89)‡

0.008

0.56 (0.39–0.82)§

0.002

 PS matched cohort

0.47 (0.32–0.70)

 < 0.001

0.55 (0.37–0.80)

0.002

0.51 (0.34–0.78)

0.002

 PS matched cohort, double robust approach#

0.44 (0.30–0.66)

 < 0.001

0.54 (0.37–0.80)

0.002

0.51 (0.33–0.77)

0.001

Diabetes mellitus patients

 Unadjusted

0.45 (0.29–0.71)

 < 0.001

0.58 (0.38–0.89)

0.01

0.44 (0.28–0.70)

 < 0.001

 Fully adjusted**

0.35 (0.21–0.61)

 < 0.001

0.56 (0.34–0.90)

0.02

0.39 (0.23–0.65)

 < 0.001

 Optimal Model

0.37 (0.23–0.62)††

 < 0.001

0.58 (0.37–0.90)‡‡

0.02

0.44 (0.27–0.72)§§

 < 0.001

 PS matched- Diabetes

0.39 (0.23–0.66)

 < 0.001

0.58 (0.35–0.96)

0.03

0.44 (0.26–0.75)

0.003

Non-diabetes mellitus patients

 Unadjusted

1.21 (0.77–1.91)

0.42

0.72 (0.45–1.15)

0.17

0.81 (0.47–1.39)

0.45

 Fully adjusted**

1.21 (0.67–2.17)

0.52

0.71 (0.41–1.25)

0.23

0.92 (0.49–1.74)

0.79

 PS matched- non-Diabetes

0.95 (0.52–1.75)

0.88

0.61 (0.33–1.14)

0.12

0.82 (0.40–1.68)

0.58

Cohort of patients with history of antecedent statin use

 Unadjusted

0.56 (0.37–0.85)

0.006

0.48 (0.33–0.72)

 < 0.001

0.44 (0.29–0.68)

 < 0.001

 Fully adjusted*

0.46 (0.28–0.74)

0.002

0.46 (0.30–0.72)

 < 0.001

0.40 (0.25–0.65)

 < 0.001

  1. *Adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, insurance, days to presentation, CURB-65 and comorbidities which include preexisting lung diseases, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, Diabetes Mellitus, chronic kidney disease, ESRD on dialysis, congestive heart failure, any cancer, chronic liver disease, hyperlipidemia and history of previous stroke
  2. †Variables in the optimal model- age, BMI, CURB-65 and inpatient statin use
  3. ‡Variables in the optimal model- age, CURB-65, Diabetes Mellitus, and inpatient statin use
  4. §Variables in the optimal model- BMI, CURB-65, preexisting lung diseases, Diabetes Mellitus and inpatient statin use
  5. #Adjusted for HTN
  6. **Adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, insurance, days to presentation, CURB-65 and comorbidities which include preexisting lung diseases, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ESRD on dialysis, congestive heart failure, any cancer, chronic liver disease, hyperlipidemia and history of previous stroke
  7. ††Variables in the optimal model- age, CURB-65, preexisting lung diseases, congestive heart failure, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease and inpatient statin use
  8. ‡‡Variables in the optimal model- BMI, CURB-65 and inpatient statin use
  9. §§Variables in the optimal model- BMI, CURB-65 and inpatient statin use